CiAlTER In the Senate today one of the aoet influential voices gave eloquent recoa■endatioa to tie Charter of the United lationa. Senator Vandenber1 of Miohi1an, once a cha ■ pion of iaolationiaa and aore recently a delegate to the San Francisco Conference which fraaed the charter. Senator Vandenberg today told hi• tel.lo• le1islators that the charter •a• not perfect. Be said it had flaws, but contended that it••• a real be&inning of the toraation of an internatfonal 171tea to outlaw wara. •It ia laden with proai•• and with lope•, - - ; . - ~ •It deaervea a faithful trial". In his cliaax ke called fer a proapt . ratification of th• dooaaeat. •Aaerica ha• •••r1thin1 to gain and nothiag to lose ~11iviag ita support•, laid a.i!a. S ~ ~ ~ ' Another powerful Republican, Senator Taft that the Senate vote a reservation of Ohio, suggests reser vation that would define ■ore to the charter, a ~MARIER - 2 prec is ely the powers of the laerican delegate to the council of the United Rations. Senator Taft thinks that, as the charter stands, the lae,ican dela1ate aight haTe too ■uoh latitude, too auch leeway, in ooa■ itting tbe UnitedStates to aoae course ef action or other. Seaator Vandenberg a~guad today that no suck reservation was necessary - no need of any 1reater definition or liaitation of tke power of the Aaericaa deleaate to the council. Later in the 4ay Yandenbera, a1 the rantin1 Republican aeaber of the loreign Relation, Coaaittee oft e Senate, called a aeetin& of Republican Seaator1. Be announced afterward that the consensus of opinion at the aeeting waa that the charter should be backed and pushed along aa faat as poaaibl• -- always with the proTi*ion that it be fully presented and deliberated upon in the Senate. Pope Pius the Twelfth today expressed profound satisfaction with the aoooaplish■ ents ot the San Francisco Conference - the adoption of the charter of the United Kati ns. Be stated this in an interview with United Press orrespondent Ann Stringer, to whoa he expressed the ope that the world, through the world security Or anization, will be able to work out its problems peaceable way instead of resortin1 to tanks ,~;AJW.llll'A.l ~ -N...,._,,.,..~..,.. ------ ---~ ---...... Stringer asked the Pontiff about relations between the Vatican and SoTiet Buasia. Pope Pius responded by saying that the Vatican will •elco ■ relations with any nation in the world. ROTBENIA ------- - Czechoslovakia h a s g1·ven t f i t par o a prewar} terr i tory to Soviet Russia. Today a treaty was signed whereby the Czechoslovak Republic ceded to the Soviets its eastern extension, the Province now called the Carpathian Ukraine, previously -- Ruthenia. Prewar Czechoslovakia consisted of three segments of Slavic popula~ion, the Czechs, the Slovaks, and the Rutheniane and · nn wasn't always too auch h~rmony between thea. The Ruthenians are an extension of the Ukranian people who southern part of prewar extended eastward through the Poland ~ n the bulk of A their numbers in Southern Russia. The Soviets are taking that sou t her n part of Poland, and now Rutheni~ •llillx --which put s the Russians on the Border of Hungary. Most nations object strenuously to turning part of their territory over to another nation, as Poland has protested against yielding so much of its prewar territory to the Soviets. But C z echoslovakia makes no objection. That nation has a close treaty !\UT!!!!!IA - 2 with Soviet Rua ia and hands over Ruthenia in an amicable arrangement. Forty-six-thousand square ■ ilea of territory with a population of three quarters of a million. IAR CRIMIHALS ------ - -- Czechoslovakia is demanding the lazi Chief who ordered savage reprisals for the assassination /\- of Heydrich, the hangman. He is Iarl He~aan Frank, who succeeded the hangman as lazi overlord of CzechosloYakia Frank is now a prisoner ot the Americana, and has confessed to the atro ities. Be tells how, after Heydrich was killed, he • signed orders wholesale executions. He is being held•• a or ar criainal I but Czechoslovakia wants to try hi• as a co ■ mon murderer. This is accoapanied b1 news of the execution of the first Geraan oriainals in Geraany itself. They 11• paid the penalty in the case of the brutal killing of an Aaerican air ■an who had parachuted to earth fro ■ a bomber. Three Geraana ware accused, found guilty, and today wer~anged. From Paris c omes the Rto y of how shortly before the iax D-Day in vasion an automobile drew up before Nazi h ea d uarters in tha French capital. It was a bla ck limousine of the Hitler . storm troopers. Two men in Storm Trooper uniforms jumped out and went into the building. A few minutes later they eaerged with doouaents armfuls of~•••••••*~ and drove off. A week later that same automobile again drove up in front of Bazi headquarters. This tiae the two men in Storm Trooper uniforms were et~pped. •1 aust see your credential", said the guard at the door. And he explained: •some of our files ha e disappeared, and we have to take every precaution•. The two men displayed their credentials, ace high. The guard passed them and soon afterward they came out with brief cases full of doouaents - and drove off. This time the Nazis at headquarters discovered promptly the fact that more docuaents were missing. They put out an alarm for the blaokrtora IRIC[ - 2 trooper car - but they never found it. After check-up they discovered that the automobile had been st len. The two men in it ere British Intelligence agents who, in procuring secret ~ilitary documents, had tricked the lazie not once, but twice. The _ ilitary _ ffairs Coamittee of the Bouse of Repre ntatives issued a statement about the commissioning of Communi sts as officers in the Ar ■ y. ~ h e Reds do seek to get into the araed forces aa ~ officers.~says the co ■ mittee. The report states the following: •coa■ un·ata have been everywhere at work within this country, supported and financed liberally fro ■ abroad. If they are able to do so", the report continues, 'they will penetrate within the Ar ■ ed Force on which we rely for our security•. The Committee goes on to note that during the war ith Nazi Geraany, the interests of the Coamunists were in har■ ony with the interests of this country. 'The aim of overthrowing our govern■ent by force and v:olence in order to set up a co ■■uniat state," decla res the report, "has not been visible in Communist propaganda since the day Ger■ any invaded Russia. How, however, we are entering a ne• era 9 • ~ The Committee•s conclusion is th at the Reds ill "stop at noth ing " to establish coa m unis in the United States. The latest target for the B-29s was a big oil refine Y at the southwestern tip of Honshu, the main island of Japan. The Superfortresses hit the oil refinery with tons of bombs, incendiary and deaolition - and left it eaptying like a volcano. The plant was on the list as the fourth largest in Japan. *• It aay actually have been the largest - after recent B-29 assaults against Japanese fuel production centers. , The ' previous attack• aa7 liaYe knocked out the top three in such fashion as to leave the one boabed today as the largest. The B-29 oa■ paign is shaping up as a aethodical assault to choke off the Jap supplies of oil - esp cially vitally needed gasoline for air power. This follows the pattern set previously in lazi Geraany - where the fuel supply of the Bitl r war ■achine was boabed out~eraan araies figuratiYel7 strangled. JQRIEO In borneo Australian troops have oaptured another important point, beaufort, sixty• les north - > ~ - - of Brunei, where they landed. The Austfalians are ,A meeting with little opposition as they drive on through dark spaoes of jungle Borneo, the Japs retirin& to a sector where presuaabl7 they will finally put up a real fight. . Oil production has been resumed at the I• Tarakan Fields the ROint of fuel of Borneo. T~at•s iaporta,t froa supply in the Pacific lar1 a~~ews . ,~ is also picturesque. There wa . s a wild- aan-of-Borneo- celebra tioQ) ~Today's dispatch states that the reauaptioa of oil production at Tarakan was the occasion of a ceremonial feast staged by Borneo tribesaen. lith barbaric rites and invocations of the spirits and d t - ~ d h t · called - •a blessing• de ■ onsA the1 bestowe • a 1s now on the oil flow that hasjbeen resuaed. In China the troops of Gene aliasiao Chiang-Iai - Shek have captured on of the airfield• s,4" Liucbow. The Jape are still in control of ■*k two others, but the seizure of those two is onl1 a aatter of tiae, say the Chinese. Their troops have by-pa11ed Liuo ew - which was an iaportant base f r Aaerioan air power before the Jape launched their big otfeneiYe iD Sout~ China aonths aao.The eneay has been wit~drawin1 for aoae tiae now. ~ a aetbodioal retireaent, aa the ) Aaericans out there,and the Chineae,reali1e - tu Japa pulling in their lines. The State Depart en denies that it has received any peace offer from the Jape_ either official or unofficial. This was stat~d today b1 Aotin& Secretary of State Grew -- in reply to so•thing said by Senator Capehart of Indiana. The Senator declared that the Japs hav aade an offer of peace. Be said he had the inforaion fro• reliable sources, and added that the offer was such that it would, in his words, •be acceptable to • ae . The Senator argued that, if no such offer had been made, it would be siaple for the United State• government to deny it. So 1 proaptly 1 Actin& Secretary Grew denies it. On Y first night back hell! in the States, last Monday, in broadcasting froa San Francisco I spoke about meeting a journalist who told ae that people here at home were not thinking too auch about the war wi\h Japan. That bothered ae quite a bit; and I said that I would be auch interested in checking ap on thia •• ay wa7 across the countr7. As far ae possible I iaYe done sol and, I find little if any eYideaoe ia aappert of his opinion. So far as I' can see, our people :llare at hoae a.re every bit as interested in the news of the Pacific war as they were concerning the war witi Geraany. In fact, the iapression I get, ea reteraiq hoae is, that the Aaerican people feel iD auch ■ore bitter toward the Jape than tae7 eyer did toward the Germana. *•• And so tar as I haYe been able to see, during the past five days, the people here at hoae are working hard toward winning the war, and winning it soon. I was alarmed over that reaart •Y journalist fr i end made out in San Francisoo. But, 1 think I know now why he made it. Be had been there in the Golden Gate City all during the Conference, ooveriaa it. The San Francisco papers naturally were f•ll of the Conference. The delegates and observers naturallJ Nre discussing little else. In San lranoiaco the Conference overshadowed everything else.So, it was only natural for hi• to feel nobody •a• giving aaok thought to the war with Japan except the ailitar7, and those with sons and fathera out there. As to when that war will be won, I aa asked that everywhere. About all I oaa 1a7 11 taat there is as ■ uch difference of opinion•• that, out there on the islands we new hold off tae coast of Japan, as I find he~e at hoae. However, I did notice soaething out there that was quite a surprise. You all know the old saying that · in tiae of war your optimism is in iiz••si direct ration to the distance you are froa the scene of the war. If you are a couple of thousand ailes away you see it all throu1h 10 ACI Ql--1.!TEREST =-1 - rose-colored glasses. You hope - and Jou belieTe __ all it will/be over in a few weeks. Then as yoa get nearer the battle lines the optimiaa gets less and leas until you get to the Front. There, with the aen facing the enemy, you discover the fighting aen haTe a healthy respect for their eneay; and there ta in trench an4 foxhole and dugout it looks aa thoug the war will never end, and you think yo are in for a long war. That was particularly true with the war with Qer■ an7. But, I was surprised to find in the lar Pacific, that our boys who ar fighting the ' Japs out there, the7 wouldn't be surprised if it ended at anJ tiae. They can't understand why the Japs don't 1i•• up now, aad save their country fro ■ being pounded anJ ■ore, and save the lives of aillions of their people who are sure to be wiped out. o~r boys have a · healthy respect for the nerve and crazy courage of the Jap. They tno• th8 J and .1 ·11 contin e to f■ inflict ape are inflicting h But every A ericaa soldier, eavy casualties on us. 19 LACI OF I TEU§l - 4 sailor, and airman that I encountered out there is convinced that the Jap hasn't a ohance, and t ey thint the Jap is a fool for not adaitting it and gettina it over with. ----0--- The question is: will Birehito aad tae top ■ en around hi ■ surrender soon? Or, will tke1 fight it out to the bitter end, until their land ia a shaablea. lobody out there knows. the aaawer. Yo hear expert opinions both ways. Se, all we here at aoa1 fa can do is J• plan on a long war, aad hope fer a short one. That's what our ■en are doing ••t taere. Soae 7ears ago the Jap leader• aald tbat in a war with us, they would be prepared to lou te aillion of their people.lell, if the war 10•• oa fer ■any aonths longer, they are likel7 to l••• ••r• taaa al•••• that number, wiped out by boaba fro■ tke skies IUII• ---0--- How about their suicide planes and all t~• shouting they are doing about thati I'll giYe you •1 V reactions on that, and the co■■enta I hea rd fr•• our military people in e Fr Eat o n th t subj ct, so e evening, next ee • >:id now, it's your turn, Bugh. - 1 - u - Yonday.