f. . . J Toni ht the peninsu l a sh a ed like a boot an enigma - shrouded by censorship, envelo p ed in silence. Even after several days, Italy ~ ithout And this feeling of oddity country adds to the general air of Are King Victor Emanuel and Italy ' gave the Duce the boot, the rumor factory One report is that the new regime at Rome t S t o be made through the arran g ing for peace over ure Vatican. we hear that there is all sorts of activit1 in Papal diplomatic quarters. BLoct.Jrn~.e:• l:Hi1 a ITALY - ? ----- .. Ptia etePy e·uw S~iiaePl&Rd !bet Regotiatiu11a A /\ are hains- London h a s a rumor in rather impressive style. It comes from the British Press Association, which is regarded as being close to the Foreign Office of the Churchill Governmen1Aand speaks of the likelihood of a peace move within forty-eight hours. •It would cause no surprise", are the words the British Press Association uses in 1tating the probability. This tondon version says the overtures are likely to be ■ade thr o ugh Switzerlind.7PThe I\Wm~i.o~...,.hieh i&. \\aiag liste11ea · to a.tutu\li IJm► w;s, has made Ae ~ 8 t b 1 ,~. ■ ade M menti,a e£ ••e ion of , , a c e , ~ • ler111a11y, -,,aieh aee ■a ~e be an elo~~ea• omiaeioR,... A Stockholm newspaper declares that the Nazi the Pe ninsula, the Hitler secret Gestapo is le a ving police havin g been ordered out by Marshal Badoglio. ITALY - 3 -- Other advices tell of mutinies by Italian troops in Jugosl a via - and that points to one of the most difficult problems the new re g ime in Rome will have to solve in making peace. The armies that Mussolini aent to help the Nazis in the Balkans would have to be taken out or remain hosta g es of the German~, and now we hear that the overturn in Italy is inciting them to rebel. Spain tells us that the new Badoglio Governmed. has abolished the Fascist Party in Italy. This emanate statement is said to/\■•z•••t~ from some travelers who arrived in Spain from Rome. 'hey say that, with the ~ ous t ing of Mussolini, the whole Fascist political machine has been tossed into the rubbish can. One account states i 0 n particular detai1 that Bado g lio has ousted Mussolini's old propaga nd a boyS, headed by Gayda. The whole world k nows about Gayda, long reputed to be the Duoe•s Mussolini mouthpiece. ITAL)'.._ - 4 - now n e eds no mou hpiece, so g ood-bye Gayda. Reports continue to dwell on the popular jubilation in Ita l y, the people giving Fascism a joyful farewell. Even the official Nazi news agency admits that there were violent anti-Fascist demonstrations in ~ n Sunday night. ihe Naei -~•••aJnn ♦else ih..._ form of a -et-Memeftt 4.he:t. tl1e-= ae ■ eaat,patioaa 1leve been- auppreeaee. Switzerland tells of five new political parties that have been formed, or at least have come out into the open in Italy_ now that the Mussolini suppression is removed. These five, one of which is ITALY - 5 ------ the C o mmu~i t Par ty, have joine d in iss u in g a manifesto de li n ~ ing th at Italy ~i eld to the United Nations right away. Enemy Japan chimes in with a dispatch, which states that the Italian Ambassador to Tokyo has notified the Japanese Government that Italy intends to stay in the w a r. to which the echo might seem to repond · How? The Number One enigma is - the whereabouts of Mussolini. There is nothing new on that score other than yesterday's reports that he is being held under arrest. Pre s iden VR oos e velt to da y denounced a bro adc ast flashed i n the direction of Italy by the Office of War Informa ion last night. This broadcast was one of a p ropagand a series that the O. J .I. has been sending, and it crea t ed qu ite a sensation bec a use of bitter attacks t h at it ma d e on the King of Italy and Marshal Badoglio. ~he O.W.I. prop aga nda mess ag e described Victor Emar.uel as •a moronic little king;• Also as "the Fascist king.• The broadcast blasted Badoglio by c a lling him •a high ranking Fascist.• ~ .. A ... ~..l=J The general ~enor of theAO.W.I. thesis was that the ous ti . g of Mussolini by the Kin g and the putting of """'' th ' B a doglio in the Duce's p la c e, does net mean a ing, th at it 'ts all window dressing to conceal juS t ano th er F - ~ - ~ / ( r r > W R O ,., I a ~ g l e was that we must have ~ sc1st r e ime. ---,\. • "· · g overnment of Italy, and must n th i n g to do with the new 0 reject any peace overtures th a t it may make. ✓ oos ·; • 'r - H------ Th e im m edi at e su ? p osition was th a t this bast by t he Office o f War Inf o r maf 1 · 0 n v cou l d not have been made without being okayed by the higher-ups in Washington, an d th a t it therefore me a nt official American policy_ no dealin g s with the V~ctor Emanuel-Badoglio combination in Rome. Today, however, President Roosevelt stated that the broadcast had been made without the authorization of of the President,a"i the State Department, or of Robert E. Sherwood, he a d of the O.W.I. section that shoots radio propaganda overs e as. Some minor O.W.I. people put the thing through ■■t without any okay from officials in charge of our foreign policy. The President stated that the broadcast ~ ~-tt.t ~,) should never have been ,,\_._A and added th t;\.. · b · g made to determine a t,A.vigorous investigation 1s e1n t The President was most who was responsible for i · outs p o k en in his denuncia t ion of the propaganda radio reme rk s that assailed Victor Emanuel and Badoglio in :;th uncomplimentary fashion .. "---~u.t"1r"""~~, ~4~ ~ As for o ur policy toward the new regime in Rome, the President reaffirmed that our demand is stil one of - "unconditional surrender." He didn't go into details of policy, but then perhaps there was no need ~ of this. For an Allied sta+ement o:t J1td.t"7 was made by the other end of the Churchill-Roosevelt combination, and in his news conference today President Roosevelt ref11tred to the Churchill sta t ement and said he liked it very mu c h . All of which put a focus of increased interest on the British Prime Minister's address to the London Bouse of Commons today. CHURCHILL ...-.---- On preTious occasions, when Churohlll has aade one of his important speeches. I have felt that I couldn't do any better than refer frequently to his own words -- Winston Churchill being not onl7 a creator of conteaporar1 history, but also one of the great__. masters ot English phrase. Tonight his words are more than ever to be ~ consulted.717"1 cannot doubt,• sa1s Churchill, f" CHU CHILL - ~~ -- · ------- '' th at the m ain wi s h f th o e Ita l ian people is to be q uit of the German taskmasters, to be spared a further and perfectly futile ordeal of destruction and to revive their former democrat1·c d 1 an par iamentary institutions. •These they can have," he continues. "Tl.a choice is in their hands - and what is the alternative? The Germans," Churchill reasons, "naturally desire that Italy shall become a battleground." And he adds: "If the Italian government and peo p le choose that the Germ a ns have their w e y, no choice is left open to us.• And this is followed by an almost terrifying passage of Churchill eloquence, which certainly should be made to ring in the ears of the Italians: "We shall continuei," he cri~, "to make war on Italy from every quarter_ north and south, and from the seJ, and from the air, and by amphibious d e scents." · C H URCHILL - -t;.. ~ _......, ____ _ He st etes that if Italy does not yield to the Allies, it w on't make much difference in the cour s e of the war. "The only consequence," he saJt, "will be that in the next few months Italy will be seared, scarred and , blackened from one end to the other. "I know little of the new government,w he told the eommons. WI express no opinion upon it. ~~ So far,n •l\.de c lared, "we have had no approaches from the Italian Government - and therefore no new decision is called from us, except those decisions connected with bringin g the maximum avalanche of fire and steel upon all ~ he targets of military sin ficance throughou So . . kJ the length and bre a dth of Italy.• "• EL~ Winston Church ill. All t h is was saying, in words of devastation - that it is up to the new government of the K in g and Badog l io. I t i s f or them to yield a nd place It-lfl.j in the category of free nations, or subject their country t o ~ h t f u l ruin of war. ~ Th~n ~ went on to what was perhaps the A.part of his address. •It would be a grave mistake,• he reasoned, •for the rescuing so powers of Britain and the Dnited State'('to act as to break down the whole structure and expression of the Italian State.• •we certainl7 do not seek,• he continued, •to reduce Italian life to a condition of ahaea and anarchy and find ourselves without an7 authorit7 with whoa to deal.• Such chaos and anarch7, he reasoned, would co ■pel the Allied armies to occup1 and police and ad ■ iniater ever1 inch of the whole countr7. That would take large ailitar7 forces. And, more important, it would take time. Churchill declared that the United lations ti into which the 1ermans aust not get in the posi on• CHURCHILL - j --- blundered in · the countries which they occupied where they now haTe to adainister eYer7 detail of order and economy. •such a course,• said Churchill, •might well in practice turn the sense of liberation of the Italian people into sullen ii•* discontent against us and all our works. CHURCHILL - 6 --------- •The rescuers• h , e p ointed out, •mi g h t soon indeed be regarded as tyrants and might be bated by the Italian people as much or almost as much as their Ge111an ally. I certainly do not wish in the case of Italy to tread a path that might lead to exceution squads and concentration camps,• said he. Bis thesis then, is that the Italians should put in order their own house, and he repeated the practical contention that the Allies do not want, in his words, •to have to carry on ~Y! shoulders a lot of people who ought to be made to carry themselves.• He contended that the unconditional surrende of Italy should be brought about - •wholesale, not piecemeal,• said be. In other words, we should prefer to surrender from the whole Italian nation and its government rather than by subjugating and occupying the country gradually. CHURCHI LL - 7 --------- All of which brings the following bit of summarizing advice from Churchill. Re says: "We should let the Italians, to use a homely phrase, stew in their own juice for a bit - and heat up the fire to accelerate the process.• Meaning, keep the pressure on the Italians until in the Prime ~inister•s words •we obtain from their government, or whoever possesses the necessary authority, all the indi s pensibl requirements that we demand for carrying on the war against our prime and capit1l foe, which is, not Italy, but Germany.• All this from the British Prime Minister, and we are going to have so■ ething tomorrow evening from President Roosevelt. The White Rouse tells us that the President will make a nationwide radio addres1 of major importance tomorrow at nine-thirty P••· T~ere is no indication SICILY - 2 --- their pli g ht would indeed be peculiar if the new regime in Rome should yield to the Allies. Nevertheless, the Nazi armored battalions are fighting hard. And what about the Italians with them? They haven't dropped out of the fight, apparently - perhaps . they can't. Today's dispatch f~om Allied headquarters states that the Italians in the Axis army in Sicily are being what it calls - •bolstered.• !he dispatch adds that they are being - •watched•, by the Germana. The enemy there has received reinforcements i i by air, although the line of Axis transportAbeing hit hard. Today British Spitfires shot down twenty-one ~ ~ ~ , a , . l l big Junkers transport planes packed with Razi troops. /... AIR WAR ---------- In the war of the air based B on ritain, the ~~ name in the news""is •Hamburg.• That great German • seaport has been smashed five tiaes in sixty hours. In one raid alone, twenty-three hundred tons of bomb• were dropped on Hamburg. And London tells us that this is the first tiae that the theory of round-the-clock bombing has been applied to a single city. Air experts say that it is a test of the doctrine that the way to subjugate a city completely is to bomb continuously until all activities break down. · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ The latest from Ru s sia tells of new advances by the Red Army a g ainst the German salient at Orel. Soviet troops pushed forward from two to four miles all around ~ the bulge that the Nazis hold, anu captured fifty~towna and villages:'Two hundred and fifty thousand Germans are __.µ~ . crammed in" pocket and their p!ight see ■s to be desperate - especially as the Red Army has cut their · last important line of communicatio~ Jll&r*• the highway run~ing from Orel to Iursk. The Russian• have got to within a aile of it, and° have that key P~tery S-o of transport under heavy artillery fire. I\ The Germans ca~•t use it, and now have only poor secondary roads for communicatioi with the body of their forces. t In th• southwest Pacific, American troops batterin g at the outskirts of Munda. hey have been driving for thirty-six hours push that is called - •the last mile.• driven deeply into the through coconut the big air base. ited States soldiers have lines, and now are moving flying field of However, the Jape are fighting fiercely, fighting to the death. An American ailitary apokesaan today stated: •Jap resistance has been very stubborn, but good progress has been aade.• Re warned against any expectation that Munda would fall soon, because the Jape have succeeded in getting so ■e reinforcements through and the garrison wL ua• is fighting to the end. PA C IFIC ------- · - The Navy today announces another air raid a g ainst Wake Island, which the marines defended 80 ' 'Y bravely early in the war. Big Liberators hit the Japs ~~ ...... on Wake, an~~had to fight their way through heavy resistance. Thirty Zeros intercepted them on their way. ~ Four were destroyed, and five others daaaged. When I\ the United States boaber fleet reached lake, another wave of fighters assailed tne ■ - this in addition to heavy anti-aircraft fire. The giant warplanes scored heavy hits on the airfield, and lost onl1 one plane. ~ ~ ~~.