1993/94
Issue
M
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G
A
Z
I
N
E
Vol.
4 No.
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An
Interview witbl IBM's James A. Cannavino
1
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E
Ir
I
A
L
s
E
c
T
I
o
N
1
Information Technolo,gy in Our Lives and Our Future












































MARIST
M:\(,AZINt::
1993/91 Issue
VoL 4
No.
I
Executive Editor
G. Modele Clarke
Vice President for
College Advancement
S/Jailee11 Kopec
Director of
College Relations
Edwa1yl A. llynes
Art Director
Ric/Jard Deon
Contributors
Joe Abemat/Jy
Victoria Balcomb
Joseph Calabrese
'93
Barbara L. Can
1
alho
G. Modele Clarke
Anastasia Custe,·
'93
Ann Davis
Rem Dinio
'93
Edward A. Hynes
Kirell A. Lakhman
'93
Jo/Jn Lange
A11d1·ew
ff. Malcolm
Jerome A. McBride
Jo/Jn W McGin(y
Lee M. MiringoJf
Mar Peter-Raoul
CIJ1·isti11e
Urgola
'93
Contributing
Photographers
Howard Dratch
James Fossett
Karen Maboney
Kat/Jy Mcla11ghli11
Diane
Nell
Cbarles Porter
Illustration
Ric/Jard Deon
John MacDonald
Elwood Smit/J
Marist Magazine
is pub/is/Jed by
Maris/
College,
Office of
College
Adva11ceme111,
Poughkeepsie,
NY
12601,
(914)
575-3000.
I
COVER
STORY
6
Looking
beyond the
horizon
How information
technology is changing
the world
An
interview
with IBM's
James A. Cannavino.
FEATURES
J
30
r)
4
~,
Staying
On the
focused on
campaign
Africa
trail
Marist graduate
From
New
Diane
Nell
Hampshire
to
documents
the Capitol steps,
human
endur-
the Marist
ance in
the Hom
Institute for
of Africa.
Plllblic Opinion
highlights
Campaign
'92.
DEPARTMENTS
MAGAZINE
I
SPECIAL
SECTION
10
Information technology
in
our lives and our future
Anyone with computer fluency can
tap into the information explosion
now sweeping the world. Tbis section
provides a sampling of how this is
happening in fundamental ways.
■
Communicating with each other .... 11-14
■
Educating
for the future .................. 15-17
■
Accessing information ....................
18-20
■
Remaining competitive ................... 21-22
■
Planning for better commmtities ..... 23-24
I
COMMENTARY
38 39
Praxis
and
Competing
the public
in
the global
good
economy
A look at
how
WhyU.S.
colleges and
manufacturing
universities
can
matters to
make a
positive
our future
impact
in their
competitiveness.
communities.
by
Ann Davis
byMar
Peter-Raoul
Currents
2 •
Marist
Pc~ople
26
•
47th Commencement 40
Cover illustration
by
Elwood Smith

















2
JURRE
TS
■
Documenting key years in the Hudson Valley
Marist
library
accepts a unique
environmental
collection
A
unique
collection of
environmental
pa-
pers
on the
Hudson
River
Valley is
now
available to Marist
environmental
science snidents.
The Richard W.
Barnett Memorial Library
is a col-
lection
of some
1,500 documents
that provide
facts, policies and
opposing opinions on prominent
environmental
issues
on develop-
ment
in
the
Hudson River
Valley
during the past
28 years.
According
to
library Direccor
John McGinty,
this collection
is
the largest accumulation
of envi-
ronmental papers in
any one
loca-
tion between
New York City and
Albany.
"Marist
is the
only place
where these
studies can be found,•
McGinty
said.
Housed in the
college's
library,
this recently
acquired collection
provides
students an
unparalleled
opportunity to
prepare
for major
challenges they will face as envi-
ronmental
scientists and policy ad-
visers.
Library
officials expect the
collection
eventually to attract
the
attention of students in several
disciplines,
environmental science
in particular.
With
98 Students during the
1993-94 academic year-com-
pared with 10 in 1988--environ-
mental science is one of1the fastest
growing majors at Marist.
These
snidents can use documentation
from the
Barnett
collection for
their
own research or planning
projectS.
With the
broad-based
interest
the documents
generate,
increas-
ing numbers of elected officials,
environmentalistS and developers
are expected to seek out
this
col-
lection at the Marisc library
during
the next few years. Alli of
these
pieces of information are
in
one
central
location
where p,olicy
mak-
ers and environmentalists can con-
veniently
research
histo,rical
back-
ground and specific changes as
they
relate
to current
prnjects
and
plans.
Andrew
Molloy,
chairperson,
Division
ofScience, said the Barnett
collection is a valuable
le-.iming
resource
for students and public
officials.
"The
student researching
the chemistry of the aquatic eco-
system of the Hudson will find
backgrow1d data in this collection
as will the person trying
to
formu-
late
public policy on waste."
Among hundreds of projects
in the collection, researchers will
find surveys of the Hudson Valley
watershed, a report on PCBs in
fish, and
the
proposal to develop
Stewart Airport. Among the col-
lection are annual monitoring re-
ports on
the
effects of power plantS
along
the
Hudson on fish and sedi-
ment.
Citizen advocacy groups, in-
dustry, governmental commis-
sionsand private foundations, rep-
resenting
various and of-
ten conflicting positions,
will continue to send tech-
nical reports
to Marist.
Stewardship of the Barnett
LlbrarywasgiventoMarist
inmid-I992bytheHudson
Valley Environmental So-
ciety, a non-advocacy or-
ganization of scientists, ad-
ministrators and academi-
cians. The group has
been
meeting regularly since
1966
to
hear opposing sides
present
their cases on controver-
sial environmental
issues.
While
the
organization has
no
enforce-
ment power, it reviews environ-
mental reports from private and
public groups and issues findings
based on the data.
·we
felt that decision-makers
shouldn't be
making decisions in
a
vacuum," Warren
McKeon,
execu-
tive director of
the
Hudson Valley
Environmental Society explained.
"Representatives
of different
in-
terests came to our
meetings
and
sent us
their
reports because
they
welcomed public exposure."
ln 1969,
the Hudson
River
Valley Commission
urged people
to begin a
planning process to
allow for economic development
which would not outpace
the
abil-
ity
of the nan1ral environment
to
support future
human
activities.
About the same time, public sup-
port emerged calling for
research,
repair of the environment and
measures to
protect it from fur-
ther degradation. The collection
spans the years
that
saw these
trends become
prominent
in
An1erican thinking.
Students
reading
reports
in
the
Bamett library collection can imag-
ine themselves
taking
on the man-
date of this legacy, weighing com-
peting points of view and
looking
for common ground as a possible
basis for cooperation.
McKeon
said
the
collection honors
Richard W.
Barnett, a biology
professor
at
Dutchess County Community Col-
lege who was instrnmental
in
founding an environmental
field
station at
the
river's edge, a few
miles north of the Marist campus.
The Hudson Valley Environ-
mental Society chose
Marist to
house the collection because
mem-
bers of the public can easily get
there to use the collection and
because of Marist's
long-standing
interest in the river. Marist stu-
dents have participated in field
studies for several years and
the
faculty have
been mem-
bers of the Society.
The Barnett
material
complements
Marist's
Hudson Valley collection
of nearly 700 volumes,
covering regional history,
Franklin
D. Roosevelt,
artists of the
Hudson
Valley school of painters,
folklore and even
hiking.I
-
VICTORIA BAI.COMB
JI.IAIUST
MAGAZINE





























UR RE NT S
■
Making the vision a beautiful reality
Construction
redevelops center of campus
T
here
is
a coming-of-age
aspect to
it
that goes
beyond the bricks and
mortar. The $27
million
expansion of housing and other
facilities for students now
under-
way at Marist College had its roots
in plans made years ago, and in
aspirations that go back decades.
Marist is redeveloping a cen-
tral portion of the campus and
creating one of the
most
beautiful
cultivated areas along the
Hudson
River.
The 22-month project was
begun last December and is sched•
uled for completion by Fall, 1994.
This is the vision now taking
shape for the College and its sn1-
dents:
■
TI1e four-acre Champagnat
parking
lot
will be replaced by a
campus green overlooking the
Hudson
River. Crossed
by
walk-
ways and dotted with trees and
shrnbs, the green will bring a beau-
tiful and nan1ral new focus
to
this
area of the campus and will serve
.
as an outdoor performing arts cen-
ter. New
parking
lots
will
be lo-
cated elsewhere.
■
The student center, reno-
vated and expanded by 48 per-
cent to
77,000
square feet, will
offer students a greater range of
facilities and services.
be the main entrance to both. l11e
rotunda will face out omo the cam-
pus green.
■
On-campus housing will in-
crease by
468
spaces,
•or
nearly 25
percent. Of these, 144 students
housing
now under constrnction
will
make
it possible for Marist to
withdraw from
those
leased apart-
ments.
To finance the project, Marist
sold 30-year revenue
bonds
through
the
New
have been assigned to
townhouses
com-
pleted in time for this
Fall's semester; 324
will be housed in the
residence hall next
fall. This will allow a
shift to campus of
students
formerly
housed
in apartments
leased
by the College
off campus.
Maristis
YorkState Dormitory
Authority in
mid-Au-
gust, 1992, at an aver-
age of6.05%, the
low-
est rate in years. Fees
charged
students
for
housing will not be
affected; only the use
of the fees will
change, going toward
debt repayment
in-
stead
ofrent receipts.
redeveloping
a
central
portion
of
the campus
and
creating
oneofthe
most beautiful
cultivated
areas
along
the
Hudson River.
The new town-
houses are
located
on
land that slopes down
The project, larg-
est in Ma.list's
history,
is the logical next step
in an evolution that
began
in
the 1980s,
when undergraduate enrollment
increased by nearly 50 percent to
the present level of more than
3,000 students and 1:he College
invested some
$60
million in aca-
demic buildings, computer tech-
nology,
athletic fields,
!housing
and
other facilities for students.
toward the Hudson
River from the Lowell Thomas-
Dyson quadrangle,
just
north of
the new campus green
site.
Dormitories, townhouses and
garden apartments for about 1,700
students were built ov,er the years,
but
450
to
500 others who want
college housing have been as-
signed
to
apartments leased by the
College at a garden apa:rtment com-
plex a few miles east of
the
cam-
pus. The additional on-campus
Work on all other elements
of
the project will continue into Au-
Architect's rendering
of the new
rotunda.
■
A three-story domed and
columned
rotunda,
arch.itecn1ral
focal point of the project, will
link
the new
student center and a new
five-story
residence
hall, and will
======i=====,;====l~Hl-11~
MARIST MAGAZINE
gust, 1994, to be completed in
time for that
Fall's
semester.
The mid-rise
residence
hall for
324
students, six to a suite, is be-
ing built on a slope leading down
t◊ward
the
Hudson
from the cam-
pus green site. The strncture will
also contain study areas, offices,
and an art gallery. It will be five
stories
tall
at the river end and
three
stories at the
top
of the slope,
where
the
rotunda entrance will
be located.
The
three-story
student cen-
ter will include a new and
larger
bookst◊re,
a fitness center, a cam-
pus cafe, an enlarged dining area
and food court, a faculty dining
room, classrooms and
rehearsal
space for the music department,
the
campus
theater,
health ser-
vices, the student government of-
fice, and multi-purpose rooms for
lectures,
conferences and meet-
ings. Renovations to the old cam-
pus center began in May and will
continue through the
I
993-94 aca-
demic
year.
I
3





















4
URRE
TS
■
Marist's Special Services Program
Serving
students
with disabilities
for 20 years
T
he
Special Services
program
at Marist Col-
lege
begins with the
idea that students with
disabilities
are
very
much
like other
sn1dents; their similarities far out-
weigh the
differences.
The
mis-
sion then
is
to give sn1dents with
disabilities the support they
need
to live, work, and sn1dy in
the
mainstream
college environment.
Marist
has
been serving stu-
dents with
disabilities
since the
late 1960s. The program was for-
malized in 1973 with
the
creation
of
the
Office of Special Services,
and earned a national
reputation in
the field
under its long-time
direc-
tor, Diane Perreira. Over the years,
the program has
been
of service to
some
1,500
students with a wide
range of physical and teaming
dis-
abilities.
Stephen
J.
Hopson, for ex-
ample, a 1982 Marist graduate with
a B.S. in Finance, is a registered
financial consultant at Merrill Lynch
&
Co. And he is profoundly
deaf.
More than half his clients are deaf
or hard of hearing.
Hopson
and his
clients communicate through tele-
typewriters, or lTYs, which are
devices for sending and
receiving
Kindra Predmore
'91
print messages through
keyboards
and screens linked
to
telephone
lines. He is an MBA candidate at
Fordham
University.
Before joining
Merrill
Lynch
inJanuary,
1992,Hopsonhadbeen
the first deaf Senior
Financial
Au-
.
ditor
at the
Bank
of New York.
Looking back on
his
college
years,
Hopson
says,
"I
was able to
grow intellecn1ally and emotion-
ally because of
the
environment at
Marist. Special Services provided
me
with an oral interpreter and
with a
note
taker, which allowed
me to
focus on the interpreter and
everything going on in the class-
room.
I
was fortunate to have top-
rated
professors.
My favorite was
Gregory Kilgarifin economics, one
of the most effective
teachers
I
ever met.
Unfortunately,
he
has
passed
away. He had knowledge,
enthusiasm and
patience."
Hopson grew up in Latham,
NY,
near
Albany, in a family with
two sisters and a
brother,
all hear-
ing.
He
attended regular classes in
local
schools.
He
speaks clearly
and signs fluently in American Sign
Language.
He
says he chose Marist for
several re-.isons:
"I
was given a
swimming scholarship.
It
was
small,
but
it
helped. I liked
the
potential for close
relationships
with the professors. It's a small
college and the sn1dent-faculty ra-
tio
is good. TI1e location on
the
Hudson
River
was attractive
to
me. Finally, I knew
I
would get
the
support I needed
to
do
well."
Another Marist swim-
mer
who
had
the help of
the
Special Services pro-
gram
is
Kindra Predmore,
a
I
99
I
graduate of the
Fashion Design
program
with a
BPS degree, now
employed as
an
assistant
fashion
designer
in New
York City with Carolyne
Roehm, Inc.
"I
have
been to Taipei
and China
overseeing
the
production of fabrics and
garments, and
I
do a
lot
of
other technical work at
this stage, like finding
the
perfect
button," she says.
Predmore
has dyslexia, a re-Jd-
ing
disorder
that
she describes
as
"manage-Jble,"
adding,
"Still,
you're
not like
everybody else.
I
couldn't
have
made
it
through college with-
out
the help I
got taking
tests,
buying books,
having n1tors read
along with
me,
proofread
my
work,
and fix
my
grammar and
sentence stmcture with by-the-
book English."
She set
more
than a
dozen
Marist
swimming
records in the
200 meter butterfly in
intercolle-
giatecompetition, and wasMarist's
athlete of the year
in I
99
I.
Predmore
grew
up in Mary-
land and
during
high school com-
peted
with an
AAU
swimming
team in
Rockville.
She chose
Marist
College because
it was
"the
right
distance from
home,
six
hours,
had a swim team,
a fashion pro-
gram and a
program
for
the learn-
ing disabled." Marist
gave
her
"the
best
of all worlds," she says.
I
■
Taking a chance 24 years ago
A story of big dividends
E
veryone
involved was
taking
a
big
chance-
the
young
man, his par-
ents, and
the dean
of
admis.5ions.
But the
onus
was
on
the dean, because the decision
was
up to him.
The young
man, Mike Ward,
fresh
out of
a
New
York City high
school,
was an
excellent student,
friendly, likeable, and
a
paraplegic
as
a result
of cerebr.il
palsy. Dean
David
Flynn
admitted Ward to
Marist
College
in I
969
knowing
the
College
wasn't prepared. He
had
confidence
in Mike's qualities
of
intellect and personality, and
was counting
on
the people with
those
same
qualities that he knew
throughout the
College.
Flynn,
who
is
now the dean of
admissions at
Fairfield University,
said of
the decision:
"Mike's
par-
ents
wanted a
Catholic
college
outside New
York
City,
in a
caring
environment
and away from them.
They knew he would have to fend
for
himself
eventually
and wanted
him to learn independence and to
gain
an understanding of himself.
I did not
inform
the housing of-
fice, but I knew someone would
agree to
share
a room with
Mike."
Marist had not yet organized
its
Special
Services program for
students
with disabilities. That
would come four
years
later,
just
after Ward was graduated with a
B.A. in psychology with honors.
He went on from there to earn an
M.S. in Rehabilitation Psychology
from SUNY Albany in 1975 and in
1987 was awarded a Ph.D. in Spe-
cial Education from the
University
of
Maryland, close to his home and
his long-term career with the De-
partment of Education in Wash-
ington, D.C. He is chief of the
Secondary Education and Transi-
tional Services Br.inch in the Of-
fice of
Special
Education Programs.
ButinSeptember, 1969,ittook
a hurry-up meeting of
student
advisers to find Ward a roommate.
Emmett
Cooke, a sophomore who
went on to become a
star
at center
for the football team, volunteered
for the
semester
and
stayed
two
MARIST MAGAZINE





















TS
■
Volunteers have a memorable week
Marist students play
:key
role
in
Clinton visit
I
n a week they'll never forget,
44
Marist
College students
worked as volunteers
with President Clinton's
staff
when the
President visited Hyde Park in February,
1993. They were assigned to the President's
advance
staff,
the Franklin D. Roosevelt
Library, and the motorcade carrying the Wash-
ington press corps.
I
At the end of his visit, President Clinton
was elated to receive a Marist
baseball cap
and sweatshirt given to
him
by Marist
students at Stewart International Airport.
years.
"I'll never forget the week
Mike
arrived at Marist," Cooke said
24 years later from his home in
Marietta, Georgia. "He was paired
with
a freshman whose parents
were alanned by the thought that
their son would have to take care
of Mike. So we had a meeting of
student advisers. We had Dave
Flynn and
Tom
Wade (then Dean
of Students) come in and they got
beat up pretty heavily for what we
thought was a mistake. Turned
out they knew better."
Cooke holds a Master's degree
in social work from Adelphi Uni-
versity, worked for
IBM
for 10
Above, Mci1rist
College President Dennis
J.
Murray gre1ets President Clinton at the FDR
Library. l.eft, Senator Daniel Patrick
Moynihan of New York (left) and William
vandenHeuvel, President of the Franklin
and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, chat dur-
ing President Clinton's visit to the FDR
Library.
years until 1992, and har since
then been a software sat
•s
con-
sultantwith a company
in
Ma.rietta.
He lives there with his wiife and
two daughters.
Cooke said that,
"Mike
went
through an interesting evolution
atMarist. Mike's parents hacl rJised
him to be at least semi-· depen-
dent, but he was also very shel-
tered. Within weeks after he got to
college he had a large ne
~ork
of
helpful friends. Someone
•
as al-
ways taking lecture notes
f<
r him,
or helping him in the cafeteria.·
Cooke was graduated from
Marist in 1972, the year before
Ward.
"We're
still in t0uchl every
few months,· Cooke said.
"He'll
be
visiting
in August for a BrJves
game."
Ward's recollections provide
the key perspective:
"When
I was 18 I no longer
wanted
ew York
City.
I wanted
to get out to a place where there
were trees, birds, and fresh air.
Going to Marist was my idea. It
was not too far from home but far
enough so that Mom and Dad
wouldn't be up every day. They
supported me in that decision and
I thank them for that and all they
did for me. I was a little apprehen-
sive but it was a small school so
pretty soon I knew everyone and
Mike Ward
'73
and Emmett Cooke '72 cross the
campus In their undergraduate days.
Twenty years later, the two old friends get
together at Cooke's house in Marietta, Georgia.
everyone knew me."
Ward said he was able
tO
find
the help he needed in the cafeteria
and in getting around the campus.
But more importantly, he
said,
the
other students helped by letting
him make his own way.
"I
made the Dean's List 1 think
all but one semester, but I never
missed a party. The most impor-
tant impact on me during those
years
at Marist was not academic
but my growth socially. I had come
from a somewhat protective fam-
ily environment," Ward said.
"In
my younger years I was brought
to
school and then immediately back
home. Until college, I was never
really around other kids outside
of
class, so I never picked up the
ordinary social skills." But life at
Marist soon changed that.
"living
in a dormitory
you
leam quickly. In that milieu, I was
becoming an adult," he said.
"I
went through adolescence in col-
lege. Others did it in high school.
"Daniel
Kirk, who died 10 or
12 years ago, was the person who
most influenced me at Marist. He
was chainnan of the psychology
department and my mentor. He
took me under his wing and gave
me a
'can
do' attitude."
I
5















INFORMATION
TECHNOLO
y
An interview
with
18 M's
James
A. Cannavino
6
Looking
H.
beyond
the
o~T
horizon
.
'YY
information
te~chnology
is
c11anging
the
·~o,rtd
James A. Cannavlno, IBM senior vice president
and general manager for Personal Systems, has
been a Marist College Trustee
since
1985 and is
now Chairman
of
the Board.






















F
or
James A.
Cannavino,
it's
not
enough
to
know that the
world is in transition to what
might
best be called
the
In-
formation Age.
As
a
leader in that tran-
sition,
he
needs
to know
how
it's hap-
pening, where
it's heading,
and
what it
means
for the world. Cannavino,
IBM
senior vice
president
and general
man-
ager for
Personal
Systems,
needs
to
be
alert
tO
what may lie
ahead
beyond
the
horizon of
present knowledge.
One wintry evening
this
year, sit-
ting in a high-tech
conference room
in
the Charles
H. and Margaret
M. Dyson
Center on
the campus
of
Marist
Col-
lege, he
spoke
about
current and emerg-
ing
technologies
in terms
that had as
much to
do with philosophy as they
did
with electronics.
This
was a talk,
too, that revealed
the man's
zest for
tJ1e high-stakes
global
competition in whichhewasimmersed,
and
his
grasp of
the
tools
needed
to
win.
Cannavino is
chairman of the
Marist
College
Board of
Trnstees.
The
inter-
view was conducted by Edward A.
Hynes,
Marist's director of college relations.
Marist Magazine:
Tell
us something about
what's
happening,
and what
the
implications
are for
society
at
large.
James Cannavino:
There's
a
profound
set
of changes going on
in business.
You can see
them in a
microcosm just by
looking
at the
information
technology
industry itself. You see
an industry
that
two
decades
ago was
less than
a
hundred billion dollar industry and today
is
over four hundred billion dollars. But, back 20
years ago,
there were fewer
than a thousand
competitors
in the
industry. Today there are
over fifty thousand. As information technology
gets more granular,
there
are competitors at
every
level,
from chips
to
systems, software, and
consulting,
and
that's
caused an enormous
roll
out
of products and
processes.
MM:
So, on balance it's been very good for
consumers, but difficult for
the
competitors.
JC:
It's always
difficult for competitors.
Wouldn't
be very
much
fun
if
it
were easy. The
point is,
tJ1ere's
a revolution being
driven
by
fundamentals.
This
thing
called a microproces-
sor
is doubling
every
12
to
18
months
in its
capabilities for about
the
same
price,
and that
looks
like
it'll
continue for at
least
another
de-
cade.
At
the same time, the ability to communi-
cate
data is probably
going
to
grow as fast
in
this
decade as
the
microprocessor did in
the
last
decade.
MM:
Here
we're talking about fiber optics
as opposed to copper?
MARJST MAGAZINE
"The.future
renditions
of
information that
you'll want
will be electronic and delivered
to
you
virtually at
will. "
JC:
Absolutely. Coaxial cable had tJ1e limit
of being able: to handle
hundreds
of thousands
of
bits
per sc:cond. There are
inlplementations
now
of fiber for reasonably short distances-a
mile
or two--that
run
at
hundreds
of millions of
bits per second, and
we
are readying technolo-
gies that move 1.5 billion bits per second over
fiber optic
backbone
networks.
MM:
Wh~tdoes
thetnformationagemean
for
the
general public?
JC:
It
means very
fast
microprocessors with
high
power mt
low
cost, very powerful switched
networks
th:at are going to be available
ubiqui-
tously around the world, and profound effects
on
people.
Vou'll
have
every
bit
of everything
you ever
hoped
for
in two-way
communication
that
fits in your vest pocket or carries in your
attache case.
I believe:
that
as we generate these tech-
nologies
we will
begin
to see what
I
call the geo-
independenlt
worker. That
means, instead of
your going 1;ome place to
do
your
job,
every-
thing
will come
to
you. Why would we trans-
port people in automobiles mat pollute the air,
and put them on trains and
buses
to crowded
cities to very expensive square footage places
in
very-high-rise
buildings
to do
logic-based
jobs
that
you don't physically need to be
there
for?
Just
thiJnk
of
the inlpact
on the environ-
ment. Think about
the
difference
tO
numing
a
business.
MM:
lVJ.,at
about the impact on life off
the
job?
JC:
These technologies will
probably
bring
thousands of television channels
into
your
home.
Now that sounds like you could get a
new form
of carpal tunnel syndrome
in
your thumb.
MM:
Exactly. Too many choices.
JC:
However, it's only trne
if
you
think about it in
today's
frame of
refer-
ence. It's only true
if
you can't say
to
yourtelevision set,
"I'd
like
tO
tour
the
Louvre." Maybe you won't have to
deal with a clicker, or a printed
televi-
sion schedule. l11e computer will find
what you want.
MM:
So you're sitting at home
and you're
the director
of
the
pro-
gram.
You'1·e
taking the place of the
1V control room.
JC:
Absolutely. And then if you
take that technology a step furfuer,
you start to think about individual
channels
between people,
where
you're sitting in front of your TV
and
I'm sitting in front of mine, and
I
just
pick you out of a call list, and your
television rings.
MM:
What kind of everyday
aJ>-
plications are we seeing now?
JC:
We've
done a joint venture
with a company called
Homeview. People
in
Boston shop for homes, and instead of driving
around
the
community,
they
rour
through
a set
of very nice digitized pictures in me broker's
office. That's the first step. These are just digi-
tized pictures of
the
outside of houses.
Later,
with
GIS (geographic information
systems),
they'll
be able to overlay on a
home
they tJlink is
pretty
nice a lot of information
about the neighborhood,
its
topology,
its
subdi-
vision structures,
its land use
strategy, its school
systems, its taxing
rate, its demographics. They
haven't left the
broker's office yet.
As
the
sys-
tems
get a little
bit more
capable, they'll
have
a
digitized
inside, and so, with virtual reality
tech-
nology,
if
mey want
to
see what the sun
looks
like
in tJ1at living
room
in
me
summer at four
o'clock, so
be it.
MM:
And
alt
of
this
at reasonable
invest-
ment
levels for
the
broker?
JC:
At lower
cost
than they
have today.
As
these
technologies
become pervasive, for
mod-
est fixed cost you get ever-increasing capabili-
ties.
I expect
to have
fuings
that fit in my
vest
pocket, and when I open tJ1em up
I'm
as con-
nected
to the world as
I
was when
I
was
in
my
office.
On an airplane, instead of sitting back and
watching me
movie they've
selected,
there's
no
reason mere can't be a thousand channels
in me
airplane, as well. Very easily. So you could select
what you'd
like to
watch.
In fact,
it
could be
sessions on your computer system. It could be a
two-way video conference with anybody any-
7






















where in
the
world.
MM:Howdothosesignalsgettransmitted?
Is it the same technology we use today?
JC:
Well, techniques get better, and the
technologies get better.
\Vhen
you're in broad-
cast mode,
things
like satellites are very effec-
tive. For two-way communication satellites have
not been so hot an idea.
MM:
Because they're not private?
JC:
Private's a
little
easier now. We can
encrypt things to the point where the data's not
perfectly safe but
it's
safe
enough.
MM:
Well, then, what is the problem?
JC:
The satellite is 22,500 miles out in
space
so it can sit in one position relative to earth. They
call that geosynchronous. Well, the amount of
delay
you'd
get in a conversation
traveling
that
distance is a third
tO
half
a second. That's not a
conversation. So it hasn't worked. Motorola has
looked at a system they call Iridium, where they
will orbit
66
satellites
in
north to south orbits.
MM:
Ibey can be lower then ...
JC:
Yes. They're not in geosynchronous
orbit but there's enough of them so tl1ere's
always one over you. They're
only
a hundred
miles or a
hundred
and
ten
miles
up,
which
means you could have a communication
virtu-
ally at any band width with anybody on
earth
witl1out a wire.
MM:
1bat would take a tremendous in-
vestment.
JC:
Yes. They talk about capital require-
ments of between two and four billion dollars.
MM:
1bey're not going to do that alone.
JC:
Right. And so they'll look for partners.
The point is that infrastructure
will
keep
build-
ing. People have been laying fiber optic cables
now for 20 years.
MM:
1bere's so much work to be done. 1be
long-te,m outlook for the economy can't be too
bad.
JC:
Right. The real challenge is to generate
wealth. Service industries have been very popu-
lar and are, of course, growing. But it's very hard
to gener-Jte wealth with just service industries.
You have
tO
have
other things. You have to think
about ways to generate a balanced trade. And, as
the technologies improve, the service industries
can reach a little farther as well.
MM:
What do you mean?
JC:
We
have
voice recognition
systems
now
that recognize voices in multiple
languages
very
accurately. That technology has advantages in
business where
it
could reduce the
cost of
support services. But take it a step further.
If
I
can understand
it,
then I can translate it. So why
can't
I
then speak to a computer system that
would translate
to
German, for example, as I
speak. Then
I
could have a conversation with
someone in Germany, with
him
speaking in
German and me
speaking
in English.
MM:
You'rehearingEnglish,andhe'shear-
ing German?
JC:
Absolutely.
It
shrinks the world, a lot.
Boundaries of economies and societies will
change.
MM:
How does this change the society in
which we live? What happens?
JC:
The amount of information available
to
8
virtually ev,erybody
on earth with low cost de-
vices
is going
to
be
virtually
unlimited. So, first
off,
societie:s built upon the fact that they
were
isolated, or
where
information is controlled, are
quickly passing. Second, I
think
that
languages
and even customs over time are going to homog-
enize
a littl,e and, therefore, baniers between
people will be reduced.
And I tlltink it's going to make cultures less
unique, which might be sad.
I'm
not so
sure
that
I'll
like that quite
so
much.
I have
o,ne
other thought that always crosses
my mind. I
think
we have about another20 or25
years
where we are
intellectually
superior
to
computers ..
MM:
P.lease tell us what you mean.
JC:
I think
that
as this revolution continues,
within a quarter of a century computers will be
intellectually superior to
us
in every way. TI1ey'll
be
smart,
a1ticulate, remember better, and com-
municate better with other computers and with
more people than we can. Now that can be a
very profoundly assisting thing. It can also be a
very depressing thought.
MM:
Tibe tenn artificial intelligence is be-
ing booted about a lot, but
one
of the attributes
of human intelligence
is
self-awareness. Is a
computer
ever going
to be self-aware?
JC:
I
see
no limit in the capability over time.
If
you
take
it
out far enough, clearly
if
you
go a
hundred
years,
I think
you'll
have computers
that are
self-aware.
MM:
Oo
you
find that threatening in any
way?
JC:
Well, I'm not so
sure
I'd like to live in that
world. I'm
sure there
would be
a
lot of benefics
to it, and thte human race has shown itself to be
pretty adaptive. Maybe we'll use a higher per-
centage of our gray matter than we have in the
past, and the race will go on.
MM:
L,~t's bring
it
back just a little bit, say
to the turn of this century. What do
you
think
going to college will be like?
JC:
The first thing is, everybody who wants
to go to colUege will first see
if
they can get into
Mari.st, so t:he chosen few will be very happy.
The rest will have to scramble. Tilat said, I really
believe tha.t we'll be bringing a very informa-
tion-literate population into school and our chal-
lenge will be
to
make sure that they have the
social
values to live the kind of quality of life that
we've had the luxury of enjoying.
MM:
A re
you
suggesting that social
values
could be put at risk by an overly intense focus
on
information gathering?
JC:
If
you
look at graduating high
school
students, the
U.S.
is about 37th best now in the
world, in measured capabilities.
If
you
look
at
the number one country, it's Korea, by far. But
that comes, at some expense. The Koreans also
have the highest suicide rate for high school
students.
You know, we all pass this way one time, at
least according to most. And you'd like to con-
tribute
some
things. You'd like to be socially
responsibl,~. You'd like
to
do the things in
your
community
that I call the rent you pay to be on
this earth. And you'd like
to
take some
satisfac-
tion
out
of that, as well as make a contribution
to
your
business and support
your
fan1ily. And
so
I worry a little bit that
as
we get more able to
assinillate information that we just might not
develop all of our potential.
I
think that has to
become a more important
role
in college. We
need to
start
tO
balance things.
Mari.st has gotten off to a great start as it
builds its information base, its network, its capa-
bilities.
TI1e
College can
start
to say that informa-
tion technology
is
an accepted part of life, and
now let's get on about how we live it. That's
going to be
very,
very
important.
That's going to
be one of the differentiators of colleges.
MM:
Marist is well positioned, obviously,
because
of
the Joint partnership with IBM.
Do
you
see
our early
start providing us
with
a
continuing edge for some distC1nce into the
future?
JC:
Competition's like a race that never
ends,
so you
can't ever get to a place called
ahead,
you
can only get to a position called
ahead. Your relative position is almost unimpor-
tant.
Your
rate of change over tl1e
long
period of
time is important. So Marist got an opportunity.
You have
started
a
learning
process sooner
than
most. And
if
you
go ahead and keep that edge, to
press what's possible, then the College will be
very
hard to catch. However,
if
you
st◊p
too
long
sitting
around enjoying
your
accomplish-
ments,
you
will notice a blur or two go by.
MM:
What role do
you
see for multimedia
technology in
education?
JC:
First off, multimedia is not a thing. It's a
series
and a collection of advances in
the
com-
puter industry that we gave this new name to
because they crossed
boundaries.
It
used
to be
that we tended to do things one at a time with
the computer. We tended either to display
something in a graphic form with
no
audio
output,
or we had computers that generated
audio output and there wasn't much display
with them, and
so
forth.
But
all of a sudden, we
started
to see enough teclmology to allow us not
only
to
have great graphics with color but full
motion associated with it as well. And not only
be able
to
make noises out of a computer but
actually have some form ofaudio output, includ-
ing music, and audio input, and audio recogni-
tion. Those collections of things are called
mul-
timedia technology. TI1ey're fundamentally natu-
ral advances
in
computers.
Now, what are we going to do with them?
Well, the more natural we can make both the
inputs and the outputs of a computer, the more
ubiquitous they can be. TI1e amount of informa-
tion
you
can communicate is startlingly greater.
That's going
tO
allow you to think about prol:>-
Iems differently, whether it be education, prepa-
ration for classes, or help and information
sys-
tems. These advances are going
to
cause an
enormous change in everything that we do. The
development of virtual reality technology will
take us a step past multimedia.
It won't be
long
before I can generate holo-
grams, so that we can be sitting across a table
from each other having this meeting, and only
one of us is really here, and the others are sitting
at tables
in
other geographies, whether
it
be
home or another building. So we'll have this
MARIST MAGAZINE


























meeting, and our
images
will travel but, we
won't.
(Editor: Holograms are
three-dimen-
sional images created with
laser technology.)
MM:
ls
technology so compelling
that
it's
going to push itself
right
into our eve,yday
lives? Is
that
what you're suggesting?
JC:
I think so. We can make these super fast
highways of infom1ation. So, if you have some-
thing you want to send, you
just
put it in a
little
packet
and
hop
it on there with the destination.
Pffhht, off it goes.
Think
of it as a
mail
system
chat
goes close to the speed of light. That
ubiq-
uitous
communication
network,
coupled with the
natural
communica-
tion interfaces
that multimedia gener-
ates, will change our lives.
MM:
Using the geo-independent
concept that you described before,
do you think that
there
wilt be more
distance
learning
courses, more
people learning at home mther
than
on campus? Do you
think
our stu-
dent body might indude people who
do
their course work from long dis-
tances away?
JC:
Some of them
learning
in
dif-
ferent
languages.
One of the startling
realizations
you come
to
is that
the
information you have dates itself pretty
quickly, education no exception.
A
lot of courses tend to
be
five or six
years old
in
their current presentation
style and
that's
built off research infor-
mation that
could be dated another
five
or
six
years. You could be in the
IO
or
I
5 year old fundamental con-
cept range
...
MM:
If
you're bound by hard
copy.
JC:
Yes. Information technology
can make you more current in a four-
year education
program,
but that's
not the
end of education. Now
how
do
you
keep
at it?
quickest at
that
period of their life on that
particular subject? Why don't we get back to
something
like
the one-room schoolhouse, or
maybe a two-room schoolhouse, where they
work. in groups based on the race at which
they're learning
that
particular subject? And is it
so bad that a fifth grader gives a
hand
to a first
grader? Is
it
so
bad
for either of them? I don't
think so.
This technology will acn1ally get us back to
some of the things that were redeeming social
values in the past. Maybe we can start to apply
ing for information you asked for, whether it's a
book
you'd
like to
read
or the latest piece of
research
on a new set of chemical compounds.
MM:
Sounds like a great idea.
JC:
If
you
have
to think about all of
this
technology every
time
you want to use a com-
puter, very few people would use them.
If I
made you understand fuel injection and anti-
lock brakes before you could drive a car, very
few cars would be on the road. So, as computers
get more capable,
let's
have devices the size of
this case, or smaller, that are more
powerful
than the mainframes were
25
years
ago. TI1eywould keep in contact with
the flow of new information,
keep it
organized, collect it and configure
it
the way
I
would like to have it. It's my
assistant. I have told it how
I
want
things to be, and it then deals with
the
complexities of the information I
want.
MM:
The New York Public
Li-
brary at
42nd
Street may be
the
greatest in the world. There are other
great "place" libraries, such
as
the
BeineckeRareBookandManuscript
Library at Yale. Su,·ely, those places
will endm·e and, to
the
extent
that
we can preserve the original hard
copy, we
will.
JC:
I agree with
that.
Just
like
museums.
You know museums dis-
play
one tenth of one percent of
their
holdings, on aver-Jge. Now, wouldn't
it be nice
if
their holdings
were
digi-
tized
and available on a database?
Wouldn't
it
be nice
if
a student want-
ing
to look
at early American artifaccs,
searching for certain kinds of arrow-
heads, could actually generate a holo-
gram of an arrowhead
right
at his
desk? ot
that
you wouldn't want to
visit and browse
in
a museum, too.
MM:
You've
laid
out a ve1y daz-
zling picture. But are there limits to
the kind of evolving world that you
just described?
Review
and refresher
courses have
been things we
have
done very poorly.
Now the
technologies
we have come
to
would
let
you pick your course
topics in natural
history or statistics,
or whatever.
Marist
alumni, for ex-
ample, would be able
to
customize a
set of
updates right
from home
based
on the College's course offerings.
So
"Ibis
technology will actually
get
us back
to some of the things that were
redeeming
social
values
in
the past."
JC:
I
can't see it.
You
know, the
patent officer around the Ulfll of the
century said,
"I
think
we ought to
close
it
'cause
all the good ideas have
already
been
invented." I'm always
reminded of the flatlanders' story.
People who live on the surface of the
you're
not
doing a
pre-set
six-week
refresher
course, which can be very
discourag-
ing
because you're covering scuff in those courses
that you already
know
and waiting
to
get to
what you don't know.
So
I think for sure we'll
have a
profound
effect on that. You'll have a
continuing education process.
The second thing is this.
To
stmcture and
get some discipline in education, we have con-
stmcted grades, kindergarten through twelfth
grade, and four years of college, right?
\Vhere
does
it
say that children all learn at the same rate?
Did we
do
that
for
them
or did we do that for us?
So as
technology
allows us co get more indi-
vidual and
more
custom will we continue to
bore the heck out of the folks who learn the
MARIST
MAGAZINE
them again and let people be more individual
because of this mass computer capability. We
can use some of this technology to give every-
body a
fair
chance.
MM:
That's a wonderful
vision.
What does
it mean for libraries as we know them?
JC:
\li'hat's
the definition of a library? It's a
place you go to get access to information you
need.
"Pl:ace"
may start to disappear, although
some argiue with that.
The future renditions of information that
you'll want will be electronic and delivered to
you virtually at will.
We
coined a phrase in the
industry called
"personal
digital assistants," sur-
rogates
for you that are always watching, wait-
table. They
only
have
width and length. They
have no depth. Th.ink of their
perspective
on the
world. Very flat. Think about a ball coming
along through their world. They see a dot. It
grows to a
line,
shrinks to a dot, and disappears.
And I often wonder about what it would be like
to try to explain to them that that was a ball. And
so, I
think
some of the
limits
that we
think
we
see are because on
those
subjects we
live
on the
surface of the table.
As
we get fanher on down
the road we'll find another dimension.
MM:
And the world is round.
JC:
And the world is
round.
So
I really
believe that there isn't any
limit,
and
there
isn't
any limit to what people can do, as well.
I
9













SPECIAL
SECTION
10
~,day's
emerging technologies enable anyone
l
~vith computer fluency to tap into the informa-
tion explosion sweeping the world. With the global
reach ;and high-speed capacity of fiber optics and
micro~vave transmissions via satellite,
"anytime-any-
where:,, communication
is
possible. All this impacts
how vve work, learn, and try to improve our lives.
Marist Magazine's
special section provides a sam-
pling of how this is happening in fundamental ways:
■
Cornmunicating with each other
■
EdUlcating for the future
■
Accessing information
■
Reno.aining competitive
■
Planning for better communities
Illustration
by
Elwood Smith
MARl~T MAGAZINE






























COMMUNICATING
WITHE
Moving
100,000
pag
There's a digital super
highway canting
I
t's
5:00
a.m. and
12 tired
graduate snidents
and
professors
at an East Coast college
are
finally turning the
lights
off
in
a computer
lab. TI1ey
had
been
working for
more
than
24
hours
compiling
reams
of
material, including
audio
and video
tapes,
graphics
and photo-
graphs of their year-long artificial intelligence
project.
The frenzied activity was
in preparation
for work
that
was scheduled
to
begin
at
9:00
a.m. by
teams
of
researchers
in San Francisco on
a series of inlmense muJtinledia presentations.
Before the
last
light
went out in the
lab,
all of the
material, the
equivalent of six packing cases,
had reached
the West Coast
destination.
Impossible?
Under standard operating con-
ditions,
certainly.
But
if
the
proposed
National
Research
and
Education
Network
(NREN)
is
built,
sinlultaneous transmission of several
bod-
ies
of voluminous material at mind-boggling
speeds will
be
commonplace.
That
is
the
vision proponents of
the
NREN
have
for
this
super telecommunications high-
way-a
network with
the capability to move the
equivalent of
I
00,000 typed
pages per
second.
In technical tem1s,
NREN would
have
a network
capacity of
three
gigabits, or 3
billion bits,
per
second-the
equivalent of 300 copies of
Moby
Dick
per second-more
than 65 tinles the ca-
pacity oflntemet,
the
global network for E-mail
and other services.
With
a top speed of 45
megabits, or45
million bits, per
second, Internet
can
transmit the
equivalent of 1,500 typed pages
each second.
Proponents of the
multi-lane, high-speed,
data superhighway
have
said
that NREN
would
provide American
researchers
and companies
the advanced computing
tools
needed to de-
velop new technologies,
new
manufacturing
processes,
and new
products.
Speaking out in support of
the High-Perfor-
mance Computing Act of
1991,
which
he had
sponsored
while
a
member
of the
United
States
Senate, Vice President
Al
Gore has
warned that
without a system
like
NREN
in
place
relatively
soon, this country's foreign competitors
in
Eu-
rope and
Japan
will outstride the
U.S.
in
the
development
of
new
technologies and
innova-
tive manufacturing
processes.
While there
is
almost
unanimous
agreement
on the need for an electronic
network
ofNREN's
magnitude, there
is disagreement
about who
MARIST MAGAZINE
should build or operate it.
Robert
E. Allen, chief
executive of AT&T, said
in
aJanuary,
1993,
New
York Times article that such enterprises should
be the
domain of computer companies and the
nation's telephone companies. He said the gov-
ernment s!houJd not become involved
in
the
NREN project.
"I
belie:ve that the private sector can be and
will be incented to build these networks," Allen
said.
Bruce Flanders, director of technology at
the
Kansas
State Library, has
said extraordinary
speed is needed to handle the dramatic
rise
in
the use of networks to share infommtion.
In
a
June,
1991, article for
American Libraries,
Flanders said data traffic on
systems
like
the
ational Science Foundation network (NSFNet)
had
been
increasing at a monthly rate of 25
percent.
More than 100,000 computers are
linked
to
NSFNet, he said.
"With
the advent of
NREN, th.is number
would easily grow in 10 years to over 500,000
computers," Flanders added.
"Moreover,
still
and Ii.ill-motion video
inlages,
which are vastly
larger and
more
complex data packages than
text, would
increasingly
be
transmitted
over the
network."
David
IL.
Wilson, a writer who follows the
technology, speculated
in
the April,
1992,
issue
of the
Chronicle of
Higher
Education
on the
role
of
h.iglh-speed data transmission
in educa-
tion,
resea.rch
and
industry.
"The
high-speed
network
will
enable scientists
tO
work with
supercomputers
from
distant locations and al-
low
high-quality
transmission
of
moving
pic-
tures and virtually
instantaneous transmission
of an entire book, for example," Wilson said.
Flanders, like Wilson, speculates on the
distinct advantages NREN
will
bring to educa-
tion and research. Colleges and research organi-
7..ations
could share tl1e costs of expensive re-
sources.
"Laboratories
can easily and rapidly
receive data from experiments performed on
remotely
located, expensive equipment;
librar-
ies can share information from expensive serial
publications via digital document delivery,•
Flanders said.
Because of NREN's interactive nature, re-
searchers and scholars in geographically remote
locations
would
not have
tO
be isolated from
significant information,
be
said.
I
ll•hUff--~
Why NREN should not
be a partisan issue
The notion of
a
super electronic highway
is
regarded
as
essential and inevitable. but
there are questions
as
to how it should be
built. Jerome
A.
McBride,
associate
profes-
sor and director of the Information
Systems
Graduate Program at
Marist
College, offers
this view.
As
an advanced hi-tech national
infor-
mation infrastructure. NREN offers many
potential
benefits to a truly diverse audi-
ence
in
commerce, industry and academe.
A
major risk to NREN
is
that
it
is being
perceived
as a
purely Democratic initiative.
Since the
NREN initiative promises
so
many real
benefits to
so many
in
this coun-
try,
it is
imperative that
it
become a critical
bipartisan
issue
that
both parties will fully
endorse and actively support.
NREN will be
risky,
but
the
security and
privacy
issues
involved
can and will be
solved.
NREN
will be expensive, but the
rewards to be gained
by the
country
in
competitiveness and
in
productivity will be
well worth
the
investment.
As a proud and progressive country, we
can
ill
afford to sacrifice
NREN
on the
national political altar.
11










































New campaign frontier:
electronic ''d:iscussion
lists''
0
bservers of the last presidential elec-
tion saw the usual frenzy of polls, 1V
debates, bus tours and whistle stops.
But amidst the
traditional
excitement
of the campaign, most spectators were unaware that
a new frontier of political participation was quietly
emerging.
This frontier
is
inhabited by a vocal and active
segment of the
elect◊rate
who have discovered the
advantages of computer-based telecommunications,
and may never go back to radio call-in shows or to the
local op-ed pages to express opinions and debate the
issues. These pioneers have learned the difference
between E-mail and e-text, know the new meaning
for old words and terms like
"list"
and
"newsgroup,"
and are more or
less
comfortable with such concepts
as
"file
transfer protocol"
and
"remote
log in."
Lee Sakkas, a Marist computer analyst, was in the
middle of it au, along with several Marist colleagues:
systems programmer Martha Mcconaghy, systems
manager Harry Williams and former network admin-
istrator Charlie Murphy. This team developed three
"discussion
lists" devoted to the major presidential
candidates. Discussion lists allow subscribers to post
notices and to engage in continuing dialogue, and
are popular feanires on most electronic networks.
Sakkas recalls that she was not prepared for the
volume of traffic that followed the announcement of
Marist's Presidential diseussion lists on Internet in
1992. The original objective in creating the lists was
to give supporters of the various candidates a fomm
to sound off and generate discussion, and educate
themselves on the issues.
"The
response was terrific. Within three days,
the Clinton list had almost 200 subscribers and Bush
had 100," Sakkas said. Independent candidate Ross
Perot had just announced his withdrawal from the
campaign, so his discussion list did not generate
nearly as many postings as the others during those
initial days.
Now that the election campaign speeches are
part of textbook manuscripts and campaign buttons
have become collectors' items, the three
lists
still
claim more than 500 international and domestic
subscribers.
The Clinton list continues to be a popular
dis-
cussion and data-sharing fomm. The Bush list, which
has been renamed
"Repub-L,"
has become the elec-
tronic equivalent of the
"honorable
opposition,"
Sakkas said. There is still some activity on the Perot
list.
I
12
1creators
of the Marist;Presidential
"discussion
lists" work on the program In
Donnelly Hall. Below is a typical message from the
1992
campaign.
F1LL
CLISTOS
DEHATF:
Al
\''1/ESA
Com•prsatio1i11l
'1onitor
Sy:c.tNr.
'-'_ print.
2'H~9
::-.~,. Item
11umtwr 2389,
dat(•d
(U/10/U)
11:07:32
--
ALL
Date:
'1on,)
Oct
1992
!1:07:32
F.ST
RPply-To:
~lLI~40\,~qAklsT~B~Mr.rtng
for
!'resident
by Bill
Cl1nlcm
SPndPr:
~~Ll~·}~~
1
~~Akf
sT~Bf'f~fy~ng
for
!'resident
by
Bi
11
Cl
int
on
Comments:
Re.se.nt-From:
Lee Sakkii:-. ..
_-t:RI.S::i~ARJSTC>
CommPnts:
Or
igina
11
y-rr:om:
,'
C 1 in ton
for
.
President
.. 7) 300. 3 i 1 5·:,1comp1;sf>r\"e.
com•'
t~bj~ct
l:i'.hf~~kTEx/
RLrim
1
ll~tnmT.
m~T5~;8/i~I5
c~~~A?t{sn
°n
3§5G1~
1
i
i~go~l!/~EkW)~ci~T
IO\ TO THE
(This
information
is postPd
for
pub11c
~ducat
ion/ in format ion purposes.
lt
does
not
nPcessarily
represC'::_t
thC'_Vl~~~
of Tne Collegr.)
H:i<
IM'.'!EDIATE
RELEASE
CCTOBER 3,
I
992
JOI\,
STATEME~,
BY MICKEY
KA\JOR A\D ROBERT TF.F.IT.R
We
are
extremely
f?leased
to announce
that
re.prese.ntativrs
of the
Bush
and Clinton
campaigns
have
reachf'.d
agrrrment
to hold
three
Presidential
and or.ie Vice
Presidt:!ntial
debate
to be. sponsorrd
by
thl-'
Commission
on Presidential
Debates.
The schedule
is as
follo\o.
1
s:
October
1992
II,
Presidential
St.
Louis,
:1issouri
7: 00
p.m.
EDT
October
13,
Vice
Atlanta,
7: 00
p.m.
1992
Presidential
Georgia
EDT
October
1992
15,
President
i a
1
Richmond,
Virginia
9: 00
EDT
p.m.
October
1992
19,
Presidential
East
Lansing,
9: 00
p.m.
:1ichigan
f.DT
lace Ai!f~~~ai!~c~,!~di~~c~tn~;la
~1??
~!
0
~t=~
~~
!r1g~~bj~~~~.
taf{e
8ctober
11
debate
will
be beforf'
a ~anC'l of quest1orwrs
usin'
the
t~~:Tdc~~!~
l
i~e~~~~
i~1(}
1
pb:s
l~f
~;!a a
~f
~:i:s
~od~=t~~
t~~C'~r;po~!~(
by
the
Commission
on Presidential
Debates.
The October
15
debate
\,;ill
use
a single
moderator
~·ho
will
solicit
quc.-stions
from
a)ive.
audience
and ask
appropriate
follow·up
questions.
TI1e
final
debate
on October
19
,,.'ill
use
the
single
moderator
format
for
the
first
half
of
the
time
and the
anel
format
for
the
other
half
of
the
time.
























COMMUNICATING
WITHE
Networking
to
Washi
Elected join electorate online
BY JOE ABERNKI1-IY, STAFF WRITER,
HOUSTON
CHRONICLE
Tbis article is 1·eprinted with the permission
of
the
HOUSTON
CHRONICLE.
It
was received
via
Internet.
A
grass-roots experiment in elec-
tronic democracy
is
nlilling into a
sophisticated new means of com-
munication between the elector-
ate and the elected.
Both the Clinton White House and the 103rd
Congress are establishing a presence on the
global network of computer networks known
as the Internet.
Jonathan Gill, who directed the electronic
mail effort for the Clinton campaign, has been
named director of the White House's new office
of Electronic Publishing and Public Access Elec-
tronic Mail (E-mail). He will report to Jeff Eller,
director of Media Affairs.
Gill's new role means that the estimated 20
million Americans with public electronic mail
access-such
as that offered
by
CompuServe,
MCI Mail, America Online and other systems
connected to the Internet-now
have the abil-
ity to interact directly with adm.inistr,1tion of-
fices and with the public documents associated
with governing.
This could evolve into a tool to pry open the
lawmaking process, perhaps allowing savvy
citizens to wield power rivaling that of profes-
sional
lobbyists.
But difficult issues lie in wait, .including fear
that such information-age tools could create a
society of information haves and have-nots.
There is also a fundamental tension between
representative and direct democracy.
"The
question is, are the politicians going to
control the public, or is the public going
to
control the politicians," sa.id John Mallery, a
researcher at the Artificial Intelligence Labora-
tory of the Massachusetts
Institute
of Technol-
ogy, where the experimental White House sys-
tem was developed.
"Given
the American view, we want checks
and balances," he said.
"We
want everyone to
have their fair say and allow a consensus to
emerge."
Mallery, a doctoral candidate in computer
and political science, and Eric Loeb, doctoral
candidate in cognitive neuroscience, created an
experimental system that is considered as a
model
for possible use by the White House and
Congress for managing what is expected to be
a high volume of public correspondence.
"All
( congressional) representatives have
MARIST MAGAZINE
Internet access and need correspondence sys-
tems, so it's a prototype for many of these agen-
cies," said Loeb.
"There's
a general problem:
How do you get (E-mail) to work without over-
loading people?"
The prciject,
the
MIT Presidential Informa-
tion Service
:Experiment,
offered open electronic
access to a library of position papers and other
online infonmation for aIJ
the major
presidential
candidates and several minor ones
as
well. Com-
puters are being provided by MIT's
AI
Lab.
Anyone with public electronic mail access
could use tllle service during the campaign to
subscribe to, regular electronic mailings on top-
people a day sent messages. These electronic
letters are now being printed and included
among the White House flow of 10,000
to
20,000
letters
a day.
MIT's campaign system, which was
not
publicized, drew 7,000 to 8,000 messages a day,
and its designers anticipate that that number
will quickly escalate when a successor to the
system goes online at the White
House.
"The
problem was that it raised expecta-
tions a bit high, and to deliver a system for the
White
House,
you need to make
it really robust,"
Mallery said.
"Once
they make that effort they'll
have a box that each of the congressmen can get
to
handle
their
E-mail."
ics such as the economy, foreign policy
and other llllatters of interest.
Nearly instant, low-cost polling also
can be conducted, although Mallery
notes that
,caution must
be used in
generalizing, the
results
because of
the
skewed composition of today's online
''.Are
the
politicians
The
lack
of such a system
is
seen
as
the main drawback to a new tech-
nology
called
ISIS
that
is
being brought
online for the Congress. ISIS offers
connections to nearly every electronic
mail system in existence, but busy
lawmakers
may
be avoiding the sys-
tem until
there
is a way of managing
the potential volume.
community.
going
to con-
trol the pub-
lie,
or
is
the
public going
to control the
"Today,
there are potentially 20
million people in the
United
States
with E-mail
ILCCess,
Strongly distributed
toward universities,
research laborato-
ries and high-technology companies-
politicians?"
"A
lot
of congressmen aren't look-
ing forward to that," said James P.
Love, director of Ralph Nader's Tax-
payer Assets
Project.
but current trends are moving rapidly
to the mainstream," Mallery said. There's the
issue of why that group should have preferred
access.
Smart systems such as MIT's can better serve
people by maintaining information on their .inter-
ests. But this increases the potential for
loss
of
privacy-a
problem the researchers hope to
resolve
or at:
least
bring into the open before the
technology becomes wide spread.
And in the face of an increasingly high-profile
online presence of law enforcement officials
seeking out computer crime, Mallery cautions
that it is
illllportant to guard against excessive
monitoring:
"These
kinds of technologies will
make
it so that if you want to look for little things
to
harass pe,ople over, you could."
Since Clinton took office, feedback from
the
public has gone through the roof. Phone calls
have increa:sed from 5,000 during the Republi-
can years to, 40,000 to 65,000 a day.
And when the \Vhite House began advertis-
ing its temp,orary electronic mail address, it
im-
mediately became swamped as more than 500
Some observers also worry that the White
House and lawmakers could use the direct con-
tact of E-mail as a tool for massive propaganda,
altl1ough others believe it may favor average
citizens.
"It
will
have
an equalizing effect on propa-
ganda, or advocacy," said
Jim
Warren of San
Francisco, a noted figure in the emerging elec-
tronic democracy,
"in
that now citizens will be
able to perform mass advocacy to legislators as
we!J as
legislators,
with their access
to
the
media, can perform advocacy to the public."
One of the characteristics of Internet Ac-
cess
is
that if they have access to the White
House, they have access to the virulent, unfet-
tered discussions that go on on the Internet.
That is as much an advantage in killing propa-
ganda as in increasing it.
"I
see it as an advantage, particularly as the
press starts to come online and traditional print
media start to provide the same kind of coverage
that they've always provided, but provide it
online."
I
13



















Minding your
network manners
'K
eep paragraphs and messages
short and to the point!"
"Focus
on one subject per
message."
"Be
careful when using sarcasm and hu-
mor ..
."
Notes from a class on
"Intro
to Journalism"
or
"Expository
Writing 101?"
Hardly.
Those directives comprise a small sampling
of
"netiquette."
They are included in
Tbe Net
User Guidelines and Netiquette, by Arlene H.
Rinaldi of Florida Atlantic University.
"TI1e Net,•
users slan.g for the Internet, is a group of thou-
sands of individual electronic networks that
al.low traffic to pass among them. It has also
been called the world's largest
anarchy
because
millions of people all over the world are acces-
sible through this maze of electronic systems.
There are, however, attempts to manage
The Net. There is a two-tier system of national
and regional organizations that monitor Internet,
and new systems are supposed to register with
regional coordinators.
The National Science Foundation Network
(NSFNet) is the backbone of the network. The
next level is comprised of regional or mid-level
networks. These regional networks were origi-
nally designated to cover particular geographic
areas, but with the national and international
proliferation of networks, many now overlap in
places.
An enormous number of informal relation-
ships thrive on the
level
below the regional
networks. That's because potentially any ma-
chine on The Net with the necessary storage
and transmission capacity can communicate
with any number of other machines. This will-
ingness to share information is considered one
of the hallmarks of good citizenship in this
flourishing world of electronic networks.
With all of this activity on Internet, it's small
wonder that some serious users like Rinaldi saw
a need to develop protocols that would enable
net citizens to coexist in relative accord. Origi-
nally developed for use at her institution,
"Netiquette"
has circulated widely among
Internet users.
Working in collaboration with like-minded
Internet users across the country, Rinaldi
compiled an extensive document that includes
14
directives on electronic mailbox maintenance.
For example:
•
Check E-mail daily and remain within
your limited disk quota;
•
Delete unwanted messages inlmediately
since they take up disk storage;
•
Keep messages remaining in your elec-
tronic mailbox to a minimum.
There
is
also an extensive section on
"Electronic
Communications" which
advises users on acceptable writing and
ethical standards for The Net. For ex-
ample:
•
Cite all quotes, references and sources;
•
limit line length and avoid control
characters;
•
Follow chain of command procedures
for corresponding with superiors. For
exan1ple, don't send a complaint via E-
mail directly to the
"top"
just because
you can.
Along with recommendations for conduct-
ing discussion groups, Rinaldi included some
guidelines for
al.I
computer users-
"The
10
Commandments for Computer Ethics," from
the Computer Ethics Institute.
1.
Thou shalt not use a computer to harm
other people.
2. Thou shalt not interfere with other
people's computer work.
3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other
people's files.
4. Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear
false witness.
6.
Thou shalt not use or copy software for
which you have not paid.
7. Thou shalt not use other people's com-
puter resources without authorization.
8. Thou shalt not appropriate other
people's intellectual output.
9. Thou shalt think about the social conse-
quences of the progran1s you write.
10. TI10u shalt use a computer in ways that
show consideration and respect.
And what happens if someone violates these
rules? ls there any Internet enforcement? Ac-
Ten years ago, the
Internet
consisted of a few
hundred computers at a few sites across North
America.
Today
there are more than 700,000 com-
puter systems connected to the
Internet
in 39
countries across seven continents.
The
Internet is
currently comprised of 4,500 networks-many
of
them located outside the U.S. The Marist community
is part of this global telecommunications network of
networks.
The
following is a sampling of the networks
within the Internet available at Marist:
■
NSFNet
(National Science Foundation
Network)-the backbone connecting most
regional educational networks.
■
BITNet
(Because
It's Time
Network}-supports
electronic networking among colleges and
universities throughout
the world.
■
NYSERNet
(New York State Educational and
Research Network}-serves corporate,
academic and research organizations in
New York State.
■
NORDUNet-a
collaboration among national
research networks in Denmark, Rnland,
Iceland, Norway and Sweden for academic
and research traffic.
■
EMBNet
(European Molecular Biology
Network)-provides access to biotechnology
information services for the European
research community.
■
BOSNet
(Bosnian Electronic Network}-
furnishes news summaries of the political
situation in Bosnia.
■
EDUPAGE-supplies
twice-weekly news briefs
on information technology issues.
cording to Rinaldi,
"The
use of the network is a
privilege, not a right, which may temporarily
be
revoked at any time for abusive conduct."
The impression of a freewheeling, survival-
of-the-fittest environment on TI1e Net can be
deceptive, Rinaldi said, because various sys-
tems of governance exist within the system.
Although users are allowed to access other
networks within The Net, they must be aware
of policies and procedures operating within
those individual networks, she said.
"Actions
which are routinely allowed on
one network may be controlled or even forbid-
den on other networks," Rinaldi said.
I
MARIST MAGAZINE






















EDUCATING
FOR
THE
FU
Learning
in new
wa
Interactive rr.tultimedia
brings lessons alive
T
he sound of
learning
is changing.
From the most primary
levels
of elementary schools to the halls of
higher education,
the
dominant
sound isn't the authoritative, knowledgeable
voice of the teacher. The
sound
of learning is
becoming many voices.
It is
the distinctive
clicking of computer keyboards; the muted
soundtrack of a video on a color monitor; the
gentle prodding of an instructor challenging a
class to explore its computerized resources.
It
is
primarily the sound of students
engaging
each
other, their
teachers
and their computers in the
process of learning.
This approach-interactive
multimedia-
is
gradually tilting education in the direction of
this form of engagement. Like any innovation,
the approach
has
its
detractors. But according
to
R.
Mark Sullivan, Marist College executive
vice president, that's because there is still some
confusion over a defmition of multimedia.
"There's
no clear cut definition," he said.
"Mui-
NAVAJO:
timcdia is an invented term which really deals
with the merging of different
technologies."
In interactive multimedia, he said, the com-
puter allows people to interact with and control
information in several forms, such as
music,
text,
graphics, full-motion video and other im-
ages. Sullivan said there
is
a logical rationale for
this reluctance to accept interactive multimedia
as an appropriate educational tool. He
said
most
technological devices a.re still viewed in isola-
tion and 11elied
on for specific functions.
"We
dlon't interact with the TV, we simply
see it as a viewing instrument. But we do inter-
act wit11 the telephone and we do interact with
a computer," Sullivan said.
"This,
in essence, is
interactive technology."
Sullivim predicted that the artificial bound-
aries that currently limit the widespread interac-
tion of tel,ephones, televisions, VCRs,
la.serdisk
and videodisk players with computers will soon
disappear.
"We
are talking about interactive
communications devices t11at will facilitate de-
Hunting magic symb
In this multimedia
exercise,
the
student
has
called
up
a
1picture
of a Navajo symbol.
MARIST MAGAZINE
Livery
of information and knowledge over a
single platform," he said.
Those artificial boundaries are gradually
being erased in classrooms across the country.
In
New
York City, for example, every classroom
in the School of the Future
is
equipped with
multimedia computers and software. Students
in this furn.ristic, public junior high school in
mid-Manhattan are encournged
to
use those
technological tools for class projects, problem
solving and exploring new concepts.
Funding
for the multimedia equipment comes from a
Fund for Innovation in Education grant spon-
sored by the
U.S.
Department of Education.
There is little reliance on classroom
lectures
and
reading
textbooks. Students in this ethni-
cally and economically diverse school are not
tested on how
well
they
memorize statistics and
facts. This is a convention school officials have
maintained from
its
inception. In a
1991
inter-
view with
Business Week,
Director Gwen
Solomon spelled out the school's position on
memorization.
"Memorizing
facts all year for
exams isn't lea.ming," she had said.
Instead, sn,dents are encournged to get,
understand
and manipulate
information.
Solomon stressed the
importance
of the stu-
dents' ability to uncover and
utilize
information
over their proficiency with
memorizing
facts.
This ability to discover information pays off
as sn,dents are able to use electronic data bases
to
research
topics, gathering relevant digitized
inlages,
sounds
and books. For example, in a
Spanish class, students will work in small groups
to create audio-visual storybooks on computers
that feature their own stories, recorded dia-
logue and graphics.
This
trend to place
less
emphasis on memo-
rization is hardly new. More than
70
years ago,
Jean Piaget theorized that children develop by
interacting with their environment. The
Swiss
psychologist's concept seems to harmonize with
this
de-emphasis on the traditional teaching
norms of lectures and tests. Scott A. Shamp,
assistant professor at the
University
of Georgia,
stresses that television, computers and other
high tech gadgets a.re central parts of students'
environment.
Writing in the February,
1993
issue of
Tech-
nological Horizons in Education Journal,
Shamp said,
"Any
teacher who has seen sn1-
15






















dents' excitement at watching a film or
televi-
sion program as part of a lesson can appreciate
the promise of
multimedia
in educational set-
tings."
He
said educators must become more alert
to the available teaching tools
that
could create
this
level
of excitement around their teaching.
Shamp, who
is
on the faculty of the Department
of Telecommunications in the university's Col-
lege
of Journalism, said inter-,1ctive multimedia
will capture that enthusiasm, especially with
students at different intellectual levels and with
diverse interests.
"Systems
that can respond
to
each student's
individual needs and that utilize the audio and
visual channels so much preferred by today's
students, hold great potential as teaching tools,·
he said.
Multimedia has the capacity to
respond
to
those individual
interests.
For example, a col-
lege
anthropology course on
"American
Cul-
ture"
would go
past
the traditional textbooks
and lectures about
religious,
political and cul-
tural differences. One student
might
have a
special interest in
dance
while another might be
interested in Native American culntre. Working
with several multimedia programs, these two
students can view videos of various
Native
American ceremonial dances, call
up
documents
and illustrations relating
to
this
dance form, and
get commentaries by authorities on audio and
videotapes. These students will then have an
opportunity to
unveil
their
research
to the class
as a multimedia presentation.
One value of this
new
educational technol-
ogy is the flexibility it affords
the
learner
to
approach topics from
numerous
angles. This
approach forces sn1dents to decide what infor-
mation is needed
and
how
to
look
for it. Advo-
cates of multimedia education stress
that
these
are critical skills in an information-based soci-
ety.
Multimedia
proponents
like Peter E.
Kneedler, a consultant with the Education Tech-
nology
Office of California's Department of
Education, insist that this approach must even-
tually
dominate textbooks in the classroom,
especially in science-related courses.
"Texts
do not actively engage students, ap-
peal
to
a variety of senses or cause sn1dents to
develop life-long interests in science," Kneedler
stated in the Febmary, 1993 issue of
Technologi-
cal Horizons in Education journal.
He
offers
"Science
2000" as an alternative.
The interactive multimedia science project was
developed in California and is being used in
schools across the nation. In "Science 2000,"
nine clusters of lesson plans are built around
each of fottr major units. Each lesson plan has its
own focus and approach. Built into the pro-
gram, however, are a mtrnber of tools, such as
overviews, simulations, videos, photographs and
illustrations,
glossaries, and lists of careers re-
lated to the subject being studied.
Kneedler offers a
brief
description of a typi-
cal unit in
"Science
2000":
"Students
follow the steps of a group of
scientists as they attempt to unravel the myster-
ies of kuru, a disease that almost eliminated the
16
Multimedia at Marist
Multimedia
technology
is
finding its way into
the
class-
rooms, laboratories and studios at Marist College, with
support from Director of Academic Computing
Mary
Beth
Commisso. Among current projects:
■
Chemistry Professor
J.
Richard LaPietra has just added
"chemical equivalents and titration· to his growing
inven-
tory
of
topics in
multimedia form.
■
Visiting Associate Professor Eugene Melan
has
devel-
oped
total
quality management topics
in
a multimedia
package for use widely
in
the Division of
Management
studies.
Marlst College Executive Vice
President R. Marie Sult/van on
mu/timed/a:
~Personal
comput-
ing has rapidly become more a
process
of
communicating than
calculating numbers. We now
use computers to communicate
over global networlcs. Over the
next
few
years,
the fusion of
sound, text, video and st/II Im-
ages
within a mu/timed/a envi-
ronment w/11 revolutionize the
communications process as_,,
as the /earning process."
■
Associate Professor Casimir Norkeliunas is using multi-
media
technology for topics
in
Russian
language
and
culture.
■
Library
director John McGinty has developed a multimedia
introduction
to
services and resources available in the
library.
■
Assistant Professor of Art Richard
Lewis
is digitizing a
large collection of text and slide materials, to be incorpo-
rated in a range of multimedia
lessons.
■
Works by
Italian
Renaissance artist Sandro Botticelli were
digitized and made part of a multimedia lesson by two
senior art students
in
their "capping" course.
Fore tribe of New Guinea. The disciplines of the
life sciences, health sciences, anthropology and
languages are woven througl1out the lesson
plans." The unit covers topics such as disease;
the nervous, digestive, and immune systems;
nutrition, genetics, micro-organisms, cultural
customs and maintaining optimum human
health.
According to
Kneedler,
it is unrealistic to
expect
textbooks
to carry all of the resources
needed for the modem classroom. The task of
evaluating the immense amount of
data
gener-
ated by
the
"knowledge explosion• is growing
increasingly difficult,
he
said.
"Every
day that
passes by adds to the potential store of informa-
tion that
must
be sorted, organized and assessed
for possible
use.
Teachers do not have the time
to plan and sort volmnes of data for lesson plan
preparation," Kneedler said.
The alternative, he suggests, is the use of
videodiscs, CD-ROMs and computers that per-
mit teachers to employ interactive multimedia
educational programs like
"Science
2000."
The technology that frames all of these
components into the viable alternative
teaching
tool works on a basic principle of converting
data-movies,
illustrations, books-into
digital
formats. Computers can then transform them
into sound, video and text. CD-ROM (compact
disk, read only memory) is the most popular
version of multimedia technology to date. The
4.72-inch discs, which resemble music CDs,
store an enormous amount of information and
reproduce
rich images and sounds. A single CD-
ROM disk can store an entire set of encyclope-
dias. Users, however, are limited to watching
the computer screen.
They
cannot interact with
other sources of information.
For interactive systems on the most basic
level, two components are essential: a com-
puter and a st0rage system for audio and video
material.
The computer will li.irnish textual and
graphic information, control
the
audio and vi-
sual storage
mechanism,
and
respond
to the
user's
input.
Videodiscs and videotapes
have
become
prominent elements in the development of
in-
teractive multimedia because of their superior
storage capacity over hardware such as com-
puter hard disks.
The videodisk has been described as a lami-
nated record
album.
But
that's where the simi-
larity ends-at the appearance.
Unlike
the record
album with
its
grooves, the videodisk has
"pits"
arrnnged in concentric circles rather than a
spiral. A laser beam, directed at
the
pits, is
reflected, read and converted by the disk player
intO audio and video signals that can be
repro-
duced on a television
monitor.
With the availability of 1/2-inch VCRs, vid-
eotape has become a viable option for multime-
dia systems. These machines can be controlled
by computers without expensive interfaces.
Videotapes can store up to two and a half hours
of audio and video material. Shamp says this
multimedia
platform gives students the ability to
be more than observers.
"The
videotape platform provides snidents
with the opportunity to go beyond
use-they
can become creators,"
he
said.
That window of creativity
is
one of the
greatest attractions interactive multimedia holds
for educators as they peer into the 21st century.
They believe
the
technology will empower stu-
dents tO rely less on memorization, approach
information from several directions, and act as a
vehicle for non-linear thinking.
I
-G.
MoDEI.E
CIARKE
MARIST
MAGAZINE
























EDUCATING
FOR
THE
FU
Middle
School
teac
Marist leads ~,cience forum
T
he science teacher decided
to
check the bulletin board on
her way to the teacher's
lounge.
She was anxious
to
see if anyone had responded to a
message
she posted the day before. But
instead
of
heading
for the large, paper-littered cork-
board outside the teacher's lounge, she
made her
way to a personal computer in
the school librarian's office.
Her tenth grade Environmental Sci-
ence class
had
just ended, and as the
22
inner-city
high
school students streamed
out of
the room,
she had again attempted
to
read their
faces for the faintest signs of
excitement. The teacher was growing in-
creasingly concerned by the class' lack of
enthusiasm for the impact of acid rain on
the environment. The class discussions
generated
by
this and other environmen-
tal topics had been dispassionate at best.
to
training
teachers
on the system; what
kinds
of
hardware hurdles had to
be cleared
before
teachers could
take
advantage of
the
resources
from
their
schools;
and
to what
uses these resources
would be put once
they
were available.
"It
allowed us to
focus on the specific
problems
that must
be solved
to make
electronic communications a
resource avail-
able to the school community,"
DeGilio
said.
It
wasn't long before me enthusiasm
was
running high
among me
teachers. Many
of
them,
eager to probe the potential of
electronic
networking,
did not wait for a
solution to the projected hardware prob-
lems. DeGilio, who is also on the faculty of
VassarCollege'sEducationDepartment,said
they began to communicate from home
personal computers.
She was, however, a few keystrokes
away from a solution to her dilemma.
As
she called
up
this
electronic bulletin board,
the high school teacher smiled broadly as
indications of responses filled the com-
puter screen. She now had a storehouse of
suggestions from her counterparts in area
schools and from the faculty of colleges
and universities throughout the area.
Science division chair Andrew Molloy
(left)
and ad-
junct professo1r John F. DeGilio help a middle school
teacher learn t:o use the Marist science network_
"Some
teachers purchased modems on
their own that could
be
brought
to school
or used at home," he said.
"Some
focused
on the E-mail potential of the network to
communicate witl:i colleges, individuals,
and interest groups." During the
1992-93
school year,
40
Dutchess County science
teachers participated in
the
program.
Al-
though budget cutS
in most
of the county's
.
school districts have prevented greater par-
ticipation, about 100 science
teachers
are
This
scenario illustrates one applica-
tion of NYSERNet, a New York State-based elec-
tronic network service to advance science, tech-
nology, and education among educational insti-
tutions, library services, hospitals, government
agencies, and industries involved in education
and research. Througl1 the use of high•speed
computer networks, some NYSERNet users can
access national networks and the global
Internet.
Because of a two-year-old
joint
project be-
tween
Marist
College and the Dutchess County
Board of Cooperative Education Services
(BOCES), science teachers in middle schools in
Dutchess County, NY, have been taking advan-
tage of
this
network.
Andrew
Molloy,
chairman of the Marist Di-
vision of Science, said an initial goal was
tO
deteffiline
how to
link elementary school sci-
ence
teachers
to NYSER.Net
through the
College's
computer system to share data gathered by their
counterparts throughout the
region.
"We
wanted
them
to share the experiences of success and
failure in the classroom, the laboratory and the
field," said Molloy.
MARIST MAGAZINE
The solution to
that
linkage dilemma was
the Personal Computer Work Station (PCWS)
software tlllat allows these educators to commu-
nicate witl:i each other. Marist's IBM 3090 main-
frame computer
is
serving as the hub of
the
regional venture until BOCES develops the com-
puting res.ources to accommodate
the network.
But before any benefits
from
the electronic
network could be achieved, Molloy and John F.
DeGilio, adjunct professor of science,
had to do
their
homework.
The educators they were tar-
geting hadl
to be introduced to
the technology.
Also, Molloy and DeGilio had to
deteffiline
how
this proposed system would actually meet
me
needs of
these
science teachers and their pupils.
The result was a six-hour
training program
at
Marist in tl:ie fall of
1991
.
About 20 area science
teachers participated
in that
initial evening ses-
sion, and were
introduced
to the fundamentals
of E-mail and, later, Internet.
The sessions were also instmctive for Molloy
and
DeGilio.
According to
DeGilio,
they learned,
for example,
how
much time would be devoted
now trained
to
access NYSER.Net.
Molloy
said
he
is
encouraged by the progress he has seen to
date.
Funded by a Title
a
Eisenhower grant through
the New York State Education Department, this
Marist-led
program involves
schools
from
12
Dutchess County
public
school
districts.
In addi-
tion, science teachers from eight parochial and
three
private
schools are
involved.
These teach-
ers are making use of
the
technology
in innova-
tive ways,
he
said. Several have been
using the
Internet
to enhance their
lessons.
"Some
teach-
ers have communicated and interacted with
schools
in
South America and me Caribbean to
discuss
the migration
of birds between those
areas and Dutchess County," said
Molloy.
He stressed the importance of keeping
students in the middle schools interested
in
science. He is convinced mat NYSERNet will
allow science teachers to bring greater excite-
ment to their classes mat
will
in mm give stu-
dents more incentive to investigate the myster-
ies of science.
I
17


























I
ACCESSING
INFORMATIO
N
Everything
a schola
r could
want
The electronic library:
a whole world of knowledge
T
e
frontiers
oflibrary science and prac-
ice are being stretched electronically.
Computer technology adapted to
upport
library
automation
has
changed
the
traditional way of processing and
accessing information resources. Much mate-
rial is now
available in electronic formats from
personal computers in remote locations-a fac-
ulty
member's office or a student's dorm room,
for example.
The principal characteristic of the elec-
tronic library
is
that information is no
longer
locally
determined and controlled, but rather
networked within a hierarchy of accessibility,
usage and control.
An
information
network
can
be understood to be the links or paths down
which
electronic signals
pass.
It can also
mean
the actual content of the databases linked on the
network proper. A network also represents a
functional operation that controls the adminis-
trative
rules
and technical protocols of
usage.
librarians and other academic providers of in·
formation service have been
more involved
with
the information available on the
network,
but are now
beginning
to focus on the organiza-
tional and structural responsibiJjties that
pro-
vide the basic support of the
network.
Cur-
rently, academic institutions and libraries par-
ticipate within a hierarchy of
networks
operat-
ing
to provide a
myriad
of scholarly, administra-
tive and communication functions.
The most basic
network
is
the
institution-
ally installed campus-wide information system,
such as lnfoFox at Marist, and
the local
area
networks
(LAN)
that
crisscross a campus
linking
libraries,
offices and dorms
to
share data.
Then there are regional consortia of
like-
minded institutions who share
resources
and
costs. These
networks may
limit access to affili-
ated individuals because of
the
expense of
re-
sources and
lega.1
implications.
State-wide systems, NYSERNet
for example,
link
disparate entities such as government agen-
cies,
large research
groups, colleges,
universi-
ties and
commercial organizations
to
share
re-
sources
that
would
be
unavailable
otherwise.
Networks at this
level
operate as discrete,
managed systems
in
which membership
is
con-
BY
JOHN
W.
MCGINTY
Director, Marist College
Library
Services
18
trolled and significant fees are charged for ac-
cess. They
may
be viewed as host systems.
The current operating model of The
Internet,
a world-wide network of networks,
links user:s
to a vast array of electronic resources
that have essentially been mounted on the sys-
tem by
network
members and to which access
is
controlled through the host nodes, such as
NYSERi~et. The Internet is not a discrete entity,
nor is there
an organizational structure; rather,
it
is
a super transmission system. People with
foll
Intemiet
access can exchange mail and data,
download files from publicly accessible archive
sites, log on
to
remote computers with foll
library c21talogs or supercomputers with im·
mense power, and converse in real time with
others US4ers
around the world.
Resources on the Internet have not gener-
ally been subject
to
copyright restrictions and
are
non-,commercial
in nature.
formed a local consortium with Bard, Vass.1r,
West Point and SUNY/New
Paltz,
called the
Hudson ruver Schools, to share library
resources
over an electronic
network to
be established
during
the
next two years.
Initial
emphasis will
be on sharing
unique materials
held at each
library, especially
maps, manuscripts,
photos
and drawings in
the
archives that will be
digi-
tized for electronic transmission.
Cost effective means for high quality digital
capture and
printing
of visual materials are now
becoming available. The process utilizes imag-
ing technologies, whereby documents are
scanned and copied electronically into inlage
form. Accurate facsimiles of original
documents
are created
through high resolution binary
scan-
ning. The
bitmapped
images
are stored and can
be accessed from a workstation on campus or
on a
network.
The Hudson
River
Schools are
Much
of the information has been
created by academicians and li-
brarians as by-products of the edu-
cational and administrative pro-
cess. Textual materials that have
been published are not generally
mounted on the Internet. The gen-
eral question of unlimited accessi-
bility
to
full-text
documents
elec-
The electronic
library
of
the
future needs to
be understood
within
the
context of
tronically
remains
to be worked
communication.
out.
exploring this technology devel-
oped at Cornell
University
to
pro-
vide high resolution copies of the
many unique materials held in con-
sortium archives.
An
example of
the digitized material that would
be made available are the original,
hand-drawn
Revolutionary
War
maps in the West Point collection.
These would be viewable in class-
rooms, faculty offices, dorm rooms
Regional networks with
Jim.
ited membership have been fonned to provide
levels of access to full-text documents electroni-
cally.
The Marist College library has entered
into
a pair of agreements over the last two yea.rs to
provide a range of electronic library services
to
faculty and students.
Marist joined the
Westches:ter Academic library Directors Orga-
nization (WALDO), a consortium of some
26
academic libraries, including Fordham,
Iona,
Manl1attain, Marymount, Pace, Sarah Lawrence,
and St. John's
University,
to gain access to its
MPALS 01nline system. TI1e MPALS system in-
cludes ant on.Line union catalog of
the
library
holdings of each institution, an array of indexes
and abstracts and reference databases
not
avail-
able at Marist, and transmission capability for
full-text p,eriodical articles identical to Marist's
PROQUE5T system. The Marist College Library
and the
libraries
at Marist, Bard,
Vassar and SUNY/New Paltz, and could
by
printed on demand in high quality paper copies.
The challenge to librarians will be to orga-
nize the electronic
resources
for effective use by
the academic community. TI1ere are several key
attributes that an electronic library must possess
for successfol
usage.
Information must be in a
form that is easily manipulated, readily avail•
able, transparently presented, applicable to spe-
cific needs, functional, cost effective and user
appropriate. TI1e most difficult problems within
this environment will be the potential for infor-
mation overload, document mutability, and the
inability to distinguish between valuable schol-
arly information and unsubstantiated
news,
unless adequate controls are devised that allow
effective access and retrieval.
Just how practical is all of this to
the
every-
day operation of a college library
1
MARIST MAGAZINE



















The electronic library's importance to the
academic community is emerging at Marist.
Using the capabilities of InfoFox, the campus-
wide information system, as the base system to
access library information or other networks, a
number of scenarios are possible for solving
information problems that occur daily on cam-
pus.
A faculty member preparing to introduce a
visiting lecturer who is about to lead a seminar
on the balance of trade needs a current list of the
visitor's publications. On her office computer,
the faculty member connects to the library's
Local Area Network and from a menu chooses
ADI/Inform, an index of business periodicals.
Typing in the lecnrrer's name, she quickly re-
trieves several recent articles published by her
guest.
Imagine a student working in his dorm
room after midnight, feverishly trying to com-
plete his paper on global warming. He realizes
that he is missing several key statistics on the
effects of seasonal temperature fluctuations on
agriculn1ral production in South America and
Africa. He switches out of his word processing
program and connects to lnfoFox. Navigating
through the menu of choices, he cannot find
any
library
sotrrce of world-wide temperanrre
statistics. Getting on The Internet, he is able to
locate the United Nations Food and Agriculnrre
Organization statistics on the UN library Bulle-
tin Service.
While in Europe attending a conference on
zebra mussel infestation, a biology professor
needs to consult with his laboratory
assistant
on
the latest results of the samples taken from the
Hudson River. It
iS
I 0:00 a.m. in Germany, 4:00
a.m. in New York. With the time difference and
the tight conference schedule, the biologist
skips the phone and instead uses the host
institution's electronic mail capability to send a
message back to Poughkeepsie. After lunch he
checks his mailbox at the conference's worksta-
tion and finds five pages of
data
the lab assistant
sent just minutes earlier, at 8:00 a.m. The biolo-
gist was able to report the latest concentrations
of mussels in the Hudson at a discussion during
the afternoon break.
A faculty member is teaching a new course
on French culture. She wants to present the
impacts of American jazz on literature, art, mu-
sic and film and particularly the forms of idiom-
atic speech in France. Using digitized collec-
tions of video and sound recordings, she takes
excerpts from
22
French feature films produced
from
1952
to
1991
and creates a series of multi·
media lectures
that
illustrate the evolution of
Americanisms in the French language. Later,
any student who was unable to attend the class
can call up the hypermedia file and review the
presentation.
TI1e electronic library of the future needs to
be understood within the context of communi-
cation. Written manuscripts and printed books
were produced to communicate infom1ation
through the technology available at the time.
The digital library needs to be viewed as a
complex communication medium. The speed,
accessibility, storage capability and versatility of
MARJST MAGAZINE
DOBIS
Online catalog of
library
holdings
by author, title and subject; includes
books, periodicals, audio-visuals.
INTERNET
Global network of 4,500 networks
in
39 countries, and growing.
Periiodicals
Partial list of
700*
Advertising Age
Aging
Behavioral Science
Byte
Congre!SSional
Digest
Crime and Delinquency
Educom
Rim Quarterly
Harvard Business Review
Journal of Contemporary
History
Journa I of Small
Business
Management
Modem Language Journal
Monthly Labor Review
New
England
Journal
ofM1:!dicine
Public Opinion Quarterly
Public Administration
Review
Social Science Journal
Solar Energy
World Watch
Yale Review
*Abstracts of9,000
others are available
Newspapers
Indexed
and
abstracted on
compact disks
New York Times
Wall Street Journal
Washington Post
Christian Science
Monitor
Reference
Databases
Partial list of 30 available
ABl/lnform
ACM Computing Reviews
Books-in-Print
Plus
Columbia Granger's World
of Poetry
Compact Disclosure
ERIC
Information Rnder
(World Book
Encyclopedia)
National Trade Data Bank
PsycLIT
Periodical Abstracts
New York Times on Disk
Social Work Research
&
Abstracts
1990
Census of
Population
In
addition
to
Marist's
library
resources, students
and faculty
can
electronically access the catalogs
or 29 academic libraries in New York State with
4.5 million titles.
computer mediated communication has begun
to change how academics conduct their work.
evolving future will be to collaborate in support
of scholarly communication by insuring that
order, structure and effective access occur de-
spite political, economic, social or even techno-
logical constraints.
I
The principal role of librarians and indeed
all academic information professionals in this
19












































ACCESSING
INFORMATIO
N
On publishing's
cutt
ing
edge
Marist librarian editing
national electronic journal
F
or Katy Silberger, mild-mannered head
reference librarian, work
is
substan-
tially more than cataloging books and
helping students
identify
source mate-
rial they need. She's on the cutting edge of a new
technology that
is
revolutionizing the way schol-
arly articles are published.
Silberg er, a part of the Marist College library
for more than nine years, was asked recently to
be an associate editor of a newly created elec-
tronic journal, the brainchild of scholars and
educators from colleges and universities nation-
wide.
Her selection for this innovative
method
of
publication reflects Marist's commitment to the
use of sophisticated technology in higher edu-
cation.
"We're
extremely fortunate to have the
facilities at Marist that permit us to be part of an
E-joumal,"
said Silberger.
"Many
colleges and
universities don't even begin to have that kind
of ability." She said she was asked to become
editor after several months of correspondence
with the journal.
Interpersonal Computing and Technology:
An Electronic Journal for the 2 I st Century is
published by the Center for Teaching and Tech-
nology, Academic Computing
Center at
Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
Operating via the BITNet and INTERNet
networks-electronic mail and communications
lines that connect computers worldwide-the
journal's prime objective is to provide a peer-
reviewed electronic forum to explore the inte-
gration of computers and other instructional
technology in the higher education classroom.
"E-journals
are being explored as a scholarly
publication medium in which institutions of
higher education maintain control of the copy-
right of the scholarship they finance," Silberger
said.
Currently, more than 75 percent of the
printed scholarly journals are produced by com-
mercial publishers, she said.
"Faculty,
whose
salaries and research expenses are paid for by
their home institutions, sign over the copyright
for the research articles to the commercial pub-
lishers," Silberger said. In addition, higher edu-
cation, which financed the research, pay in-
creasing subscription costs for these journals.
20
According to Silberger, because E-journals
eliminate the need for high production over-
head, they represent an economic alternative
for publishing research. One distinct advantage
is tl1e inlmediate and
free
access libraries have
to these journals.
In
addition, the copyright
statements accompanying the individual ar-
ticles allow them to be used within higher
education while protecting them from com-
mercial resale.
The electronic journal's ability to create
and distribute manuscripts, newsletters and
articles, and display them on computer moni-
tors, combined with a faster and virtually cost-
free production, makes
it
a sought after acces-
sory at any center of
learning.
In
her role as associate editor, she also
functions as
a
peer reviewer, whose responsi-
bility is to read manuscripts and judge their
quality, accuracy and appropriateness to the
mission of the journal. TI1e identity of peer
reviewers remain unknown to the authors.
These authors submit articles to the journal's
editor via electronic mail. The articles are then
forwarded to the peer reviewers. According to
Silberger, the
use
of E-mail for the
journal's
review process reduces publication delays.
"Au-
thors have found this quick response
time
to be
very beneficial,• said Silberger.
The first issue of Interpersonal Computing
and Technology appeared in January.
I
Reference librarian/editor Katy Silberger
- KlRaL
A.
lAKHMAN,
'93
,,.,:.1t•:mBWB-
Start u1>
screen for Interpersonal Computing
and
Technology:
An Electronic Journal for
the
2.1.lit
Century
IL 88.01.00
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Interpersonal
Computing
and
Technology:
A~ Electronic
Journal
tor
lhe
21st
Century
ISSN:
1064-4326
July,
1993
Volume
1,
Number
3
Published
by the
Center
for
Teaching
and Technology,
Academic
Computer
Center,
Georgetown
University,
Washington,
DC 10057
Addt~ional
support
provided
by
the
Center
for
Academic
Computing,
The
Pennsylvania
State
University,
University
Park,
PA 16802
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REMAINING
COMPETITIV
E
Why
your
job
is
not
your
career
Keeping pace with
the information age
A
mong rare commodities in a world
of
constant and rapid
change,
job
security
must
rank
at or near the
top, as millions of employees and
entrepreneurs at
all
levels in all industrialized
countries
have
discovered in recent years. Peter
G.W.
Keen,
chairman and executive director of
The
International
Center for Information
Tech-
nologies, in Washington, D.C.,
spoke
to that
point in his commencement address at Marist
College
in
1991.
His words are as noteworthy now as they
were then.
Keen asked the graduating class,
"\Vhat
makes
a career in
your
lifetime in a world of absolutely
constant change where prediction
is
impossible
and where information technology pervades ev-
ery aspect of society? We're at the
point
where
there
is nothing
implausible we can s.1y about
information
technology.•
Citing the much greater value of electronic
financial
transactions
compared with world trade
in physical goods, Keen said,
"Gross
national
product no longer is a meaningful economic
indicator. We are in the
era
of the gross informa-
tion product.•
MARIST MAGAZINE
He also noted that information management
is the ba:sis for competition
among cities.
"Singapore:
has moved from the tenth largest
port in
tht:
world to the busiest by recognizing
that electronic data interchange can reduce the
amount or time for processing customs clear-
ances, govemment authorizations, down from
four days
t<O
15 minutes. Rotterdam clears goods
in 10 minutes."
His
advice for career builders:
"First,
understand that
your
job is not
your
career. lfyo::m're
in
an area where
your
value is the
knowledg,~ you bring into the job, think about
what that :knowledge will be worth a few years
later. The half-life of knowledge is
shrinking.
"Second,
if you don't spend
10%
of
your
time
on education you will become depreciated capi-
tal.
Half a day a week must go into
the
com-
mencement, the continuing commencement of
your
education. The notion that we can give you
some
knowledge that will last you 10
or
15 years,
and then
o,ccasionally
we send you in for a tune-
up, a three-day course, doesn't work anymore.
"The
1third point is to make
sure
in
your
career thatt you are computer fluent
so
that
you
can use the tools in
your
work. To be lacking in
computer fluency is to be stranded abroad,
un-
able to
speak.
And then change is not an ally; it's
a constant threat."
Citing the Marist/IBM Joint Sn1dy that began
in 1988, Keen said,
"I
congratulate Marist and the
IBM Corporation on
recognizing
the in1portance
of
my third point. What Marist
is
creating is, to my
knowledge, the world's first computer fluent
campus,
taking
computers out of a
special sub-
ject area and imbedding them across the liberal
arts and across campus life.•
I
As the head
of
the Inter-
national
Center
for ln-
fom1ation Tecbnologies
in
\'(lasbington,
D.C.,
Peter
G.
W. Keen has
served as an advisor to
business
and govern-
mentsonfourcontinents.
He bas taught at the
Harvard Business
School,
MIT,
Stanford,
the
\Vharton
School of
Business and the London
Business
School.
He
bolds an
honorary Doctor
of Sdence
degree
from
Marist
College.
21



















REMAINING
COMPETITIV
E
State
supports
Mari st
network
Linking small manufacturers
to spur growth
T
he president of a small electronics
manufacturing firm was
just
in-
formed that one of
her
shippers
is
leaving the area and she has a ware-
house
full of merchandise that must be deliv-
ered
immediately.
She rums to a personal com-
puter on
her
desk. At the same time, a plastic
products manufacnirer
several
miles away is
reaching for his personal computer after hang-
ing up the
phone;
he learned that his cardboard
box supplier is going out of business. Besides
problems that impede their businesses, what do
these small manufacn1rers have in common?
nies can afford.
It'sanaffordableway
to
enhance
their
present oper'dtions,"
Calista said.
With Marist as
the hub, Calista said
NewYorkStatebusi-
nessesand theirtrad-
They are part of ExceLlnk, an innovative
telecommunications network that provides
so-
lutions
to business-related problems.
ing partners
will
be directly linked
through miodems to
information of spe-
cific interest. For ex-
ample, a small firm
cansearch a
network
database for demo-
New York State Senator Stephen M. Saland
(seated)
and Marist's
Donald
J.
Calista tap into Excelink, the innovative small business
network serving New York State.
A ware that American businesses need reli-
able commercial information, Donald Calista,
director of Marist's Graduate Center for Public
Policy and Administration, has created ExceLlnk,
the Small Business Communications Network.
The
network
is
designed to serve small manufac-
turers throughout New York State who are
finding that to remain competitive they must
graphic information to complete a marketing
plan. Others might be interested in the availabil-
ity of raw material for a new product line. Calista
said most small manufacturers cannot afford the
investme111t
of time and money to develop their
own telecommunications network. By partici-
pating in tJhe College's existing network, how-
ever, firms can save tin1e and create
have access to
dependable
techni-
cal, financial and
legislative
data.
ExceLlnk can, for example, help
'1t's an
manufacturers to find new tech-
affordable
way
niques for bar coding products and
more efficiency within their compa-
nies while receiving expert informa-
tion and advice, he said.
"In
assisting small businesses,
Marist's role is to make the network
services user-friendly, and act as a
powerful communications
tool
throughout the community,"
said
to locate new suppliers.
ExceLlnk
is
being funded with
$1
million from New York State's
Higher Education Applied Technol-
ogy program. State Senator Stephen
to
enhance
present
operations."
M.
Saland and State Assemblyman Lawrence
Bennett,
whose constin1encies include the mid-
Hudson area, were sponsors of the bill that
made
the funding possible.
Saland said he was enthusiastic about the
role
the network
will
play in enhancing the
region's economy.
"This
high tech network is
developing technologies that will help us
to
increase the economic viability and competi•
tiveness of small manufacturing firms in the
Hudson
Valley and beyond," Saland said.
Through
ExceLlnk,
small
businesses
can
gain technical and marketing information and
the advice of business expertS and college fac-
ulty.
"The
telecommunications network will
give small manufacturers the
same
caliber of
staff expertise that ordinarily only
large
com pa-
22
Calista.
"It
is an active network for
active participation, because it allows
itS
users
to
interact with
each
other, to
share
information
and to solve problems." In addition, the net-
work
is
a
1teaching
tool that allows Marist stu-
dents to
experience
how small businesses acn1-
ally operate, Calista said.
Harold! King, executive vice president of
the Cow1c:il of Industry of Southeastern New
York (CISNY), located in New Paltz, NY, said
most small businesses rely on the
mail,
faxing,
telephones and sales staff to communicate and
collect information. The network, he said, has
the potential to create
more
efficiency
in
the
way some business transactions are performed.
"Evenn1ally,
one of the advantages for small
firms will be the ability to do business with
customers and suppliers through the computer
instead of sending invoices, letters, memos and
checks by mail," said King.
Peter Pol11amus, president of
Newburgh
Molded ProductS in Newburgh, NY, said he has
used the network to find information that is not
readily available to smaller firms. Polhamus,
who manufacn1res caps for cosmetics bottles,
said he now has immediate access
to
informa-
tion on topics such as worker's compensation
and employment rate increases.
"For
example, a worker had
left
the com-
pany and wanted to receive worker's compen-
sation.
Not
being an expert on this kind of
matter
I
sent out a message to other
members
of
the network on how to get
help
with
this
sin1ation. I received the
name
of a
local
man who
rwis his own company. He gave
me
advice on
what to do, and
I
now go to
him
when
similar
situations arise," said Polhamus.
King, whose organization
includes
I
00
manufacturers in
the
Hudson VaUey, said he
hopes the telecommunications network will
streanlline tl1e way small fim1s do business with
other companies.
He
said some CISNY
members
have limited inforn1ation about
neighboring
suppliers.
TI1at
situation, he said, will
improve
significantly as more companies take advantage
of the Marist network's
resources.
"The
net-
work will help local companies to
know
what
is
available around tl1em, and make
it
easier for
these manufacturers
to
buy supplies within the
state and locally," King said.
I
-CHRI~TINE URGOLA
'93
MARIST MAGAZINE































PLANNING
FOR
BETTER
Managing
the
infor
GIS
technolo
1
gy
corrals data
for decision-rnakers
A
t the dawn of the Information Age,
the question may well be, do we
have too much of a good thing? Are
we in danger of drowning in data?
The challenge isn't getting access to informa-
tion but making sense of it aU or, rather, sorting
through it all to what
is
truly useful and putting
that to good use.
One powerful response to the challenge is
the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tech-
nology that has begun to transform the way we
do things. Whether
it
is
establishing the road
network for navigation systems in cars or ac-
cessing full-motion video images of the street
system,
GIS is
the
"hot"
technology.
It
enables smaller, smarter,
more
powerful computers to tell
travelers
where they are, how far they've gone,
and the best route to take.
More importantly, it empowers the
public to have access to all of
the
infor-
mation available for any location, includ-
ing demographics, topography,
tax
rates,
and physical infrastnicture.
Not only
is
it
possible to
link
dispar-
ate sets of
information
through geo-
graphic information systems, but a vari-
ety of new technologies can be
linked
through GIS as well. Full-motion and still
images can be accessed tl1rough
GIS,
as
can Global Positioning Systems (GPS),
which are so accur-.tte they can
locate
any point on earth's sutface
to
within a few
centimeters. Wireless communications
make
GlS data available almost anywhere. Touch
screen interaction provides ease of
use unparal-
leled
in the computer industry, while the use of
CD
ROM
technology makes large data sets avail-
able as never before.
GIS users have the tools to meet ever-in-
creasing demands for services in a cost-effec-
tive, environmentally sound manner. These tools
also help the public to understand the impacts
of policy decisions before tl1eyare implemented.
What is a GIS?
A geographic information system is a com-
bination of
hardware,
software and tools to
create, maintain and analyze data spatially. GIS
technology encompasses many fields and disci-
plines and
it
is this interdisciplinary nature that
MARIST
MAGAZINE
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GIS graphically Integrates all the Information about
any
location,
Including
demo-
graphics, topography, tax
rates,
and infrastructure.
23




















reveals the power of the technology. GIS tech-
nology includes map creation and
maintenance
tools, map overlay tools, polygon processing
tools, address matching tools, thematic map-
ping
tools, and ad hoc query tools.
With all of the diverse sets of data available
across the disciplines, analysiS is difficult with-
out a common reference. For GIS, location is the
common denominator that allows divergent
data sets to be combined, analyzed,
modelled,
and depicted in easy-t<Hmderstand graphics.
Just as a picture may be worth a thousand
words, the
thousands
of GIS pictures offer a
window into the vast databases of natural re-
sources and the built environment, pro-
viding a capability to interact with both.
More
than
90
percent of all data has a
geographic component that can serve as
a
link to
other sets of data. For example,
whether an individual lives in an apart-
ment or owns a home, that person has an
address and that address is tied to a spe-
cific point on the earth's surface. Just as
the address of any building iS tied to a
location, so also are a variety of other data.
For
instance, an apartment complex
is located within a town. That town bound-
ary fom1s a
polygon.
There are many other
similar boundaries that relate to these
buildings, such as the boundaries of the
soil type found
Linder
the strucn1re; the
zip code; the county;
the
subdivision; the
school district;
the
fire
district;
the census
tract. There are also networks that relate
to this particular apartment complex.
These include
the
street system; the water
and sewer lines; telephone and cable 1V
networks.
All of these systems represent
data spread over geography, tied by loca-
tion.
Each of these polygons and net-
works contain data that describe their
details. By selecting the apartment com-
plex, the district, or the street, we can
view
the
relevant
data. With GIS a picture
is worth a thousand words.
One of the values of a GIS is the ability
to
present data in mapped form. l11e
simplest form iS a dot map. Let's suppose
health officials were interested in looking
at
reported
rabies report sites for
1993.
Each
person filing a report gives his or her address. By
using the address-matching capability of a GIS,
officials could quickly create a map showing all
of the rabies sites reported over a given area.
l11iS
dot map would clearly show
the
distribu-
tion and concentration of rabies reports.
Using
the GIS, we could create a similar map of reports
for 1992 and 1991.
Using
the map overlap tools
of GIS, we could combine
the
three
maps
and
now view three years of data. The resulting map
would allow the GIS user to see patterns and
concentrations of the data to better understand
how the disease spreads, where it originated,
and most importantly, where mitigating efforts
should be concentrated. Similar maps of the
spread of
lyme
disease could also be prepared
24
and compared with the spread of rabies
to
see
if
the patterns were similar. There are limitless
ways to combine data
to look
for patterns and
relationshiJPS.
What can a GIS do?
GIS is the
"what
if'
tool of the 1990s. It
allows us
to
create models to determine the best
routes for emergency velticles; the impact upon
water quality of alternative development sce-
narios; how to mesh
the
provision of services
with growth; how to model and predict the
impact of one policy decision versus another;
how to decide where
necessary
but aestheti-
Associate Pmfessor of Biology Thomas Lynch and
science
students Kurt Klein (middle) and Jack
Kunicki colle,ct Hudson River water samples for
Marist's GIS
1
water quality database.
cally unde:;irable facilities should be located.
GIS can be used to make the hard decisions
facing government officials easier. For example,
selecting the
location
for a required facility
is
a
common local government problem.Just try
to
pick a site for a landfill, a new jail, an incinerator,
an AIDS clinic, a waste transfer site or even a bus
garage. Most people would agree that the facili-
ties are required, but few would sign up to
locate
them within their neighborhood. GIS
becomes the decision-support system.
It
can
demonstrate why a particular site was selected.
Decisions could be more objective as the avail-
ability of tlhe data used in the decision-making
process
calll
be made available during the public
review process. GIS can serve as an effective
"what
if'
1tool
to examine the impacts of an
alternative or to determine preciSely who will
be in1pacted.
GIS allows the combination and permuta-
tion of data
sets
that could not efficiently be
combined, analyzed or reported before. Using a
floodplain map, we can overlay the individual
lot lines,
the
structures, the roads, the zoning
districts and the utilities. Analyzing the data, we
can now create nearly infinite combinations of
data to determine answers
tO
questions like
these:
•
What sh-uctures are within the floodplain?
•
Where are the single family homes built
from 1960 to 1970, of wood frame
construction, in an Rl residential zone,
and assessed at more than
$100,000.
00?
•
What percentage of RI zoned
lands
are within the floodplain?
•
What will the finandal impact be to
the town if l reassess properties and
structures within the floodplain to
reflect lower market values?
•
How will full development under the
Master Plan impact the floodplain?
GIS provides a decision-support sys-
tem. Most
policies,
plans and operations,
whether government or private, depend
on accurate
information
that is inextricably
tied to location. The demand for services in
government and cost control in industry
has given heightened importance to find-
ing ways of doing more witl1 less.
County Executive Habem W. Freeman
of Hartford County, Maryland, illustrates
the problem.
"I
have never become accustomed to
the
lack
of information available
to
those
who make decisions," Freeman said.
"I
have concluded that most poor deciSions
in government are due to a lack of informa-
tion or the inability to integrate
many
sources of information."
The importance of GIS as a technology
for the future is Ltnderscored by the current
economic conditions. People are forced to
think in terms of reducing costs, minimiz-
ing environmental impacts, and
truly
un-
derstanding the interrelationsltips of our
activities.
And t11ere are indications that the GIS of
the
future
will
outgrow its outmoded
name.
Ac-
cording to a recent article in
Local Government
Guide to Geographic information Systems:
Planning and
implementation,
GIS will play a
more significant role in local governments.
"It
will be known as the glue that helps govern-
ment work, the connection
machine
that per-
mits local government
to move
forward with a
customer orientation, the generator of valuable
products and services that can bring in new
revenues."
I
-JOHN
LANGE
John Lange
is
a GJS Specialist for IBM, and
teaches GIS to environmental sdence majors
at Ma,"ist College.
MARIST MAGAZINE



















Joel's revenge
BY ANDREW
H. MALcoIM
F
rankly, I blame Joel Edelman for my
problems with technology. He was an
intelligent boy. You might even say
extremely intelligent, through eighth
grade in northeastern Ohio in the
I 950s,
when
I last saw
him.
Joel walked a little strangely-there was an
unexpected bounce in there somehow, despite
the two armloads of books he perpetually por-
taged, even to gym class. In his shirt pocket,Joel
carried enough pens for the entire class.
He also owned a lot of brains.
I
never
actually saw Joel Edelman's
report
card,
but moms had the time to talk to each other
in
those
days. And I heard plenty about
Joel's
straight A's from my mom.
This, you might imagine, did not en-
tirely endear Joel Edelman to me. Or any
other guys who also did
not
receive straight
A's but did get regular
reports
from their
moms about Joel's many successes.
Some scientists believe
mankind
evolved from monkeys. I trace adolescent
males back to sharks. We constantly
snapped towels at each other, pushed,
chided, derided, mocked.
"Nice
face," was
one favored greeting.
"Well,
at
least I
don't
pick my nose in algebra," was a great
comeback. From there, the skirmish might
grow mean. At the first sign of tears, the pack fell
into a taunting frenzy. This could escalate to
scuffling. When caught, we said this showed
our close friendship.
We were especially close friends with Joel.
"Nice
briefcase," we'd tell him. Or,
"Hey
Joel,
if
you need any more pens, I can loan you mine."
To
be honest, not every
Joel
joke was a screamer
like that. He never responded, however.
Not
until the early
'80s.
I
was thinking of Joel
the
other day when
this word-processor informed
me
with a pe-
remptory beep that
I
had just made an
"ILLEGAL
COMMAND."
Since I own this
machine,
l
had
thought of myself as the
keyboard
boss. I do not
remember programming an impudent jurispru-
dence to correct the boss, and allow no appeal.
This is how I
learned
Joel Edelman went into
computers.
l
was thinking of Joel the other day when
I
noticed
the Fade button on my new car's stereo
sound system. Now when I grew
up,
these
MARIST
MAGAZINE
things were called radios and one speaker
seemed sufficient. You turned a knob that
moved a
needle that
found a station (you did
not want radios to fade in those days). Then
you pulled out and pushed in a shiny silver
button. Voila, your car radio was set for the
cool stations (just leave the middle button for
Dad's non-cool station). The car clock, which
cost extra, was accurate twice a day-at 9:14.
I
figured
;all this out
myself.
"Don't
r,elease
'Set'
too soon
or your
clo,ck
will
flash the time in
Newfoundland."
The new car's radio-cassette buttons do not,
however, ,come out. They go in, as long as you
also simultaneously
hold
several other buttons.
But don't
.release
"Set"
too soon or your clock
will flash C:he
time in Newfoundland. And given
the choice between two buttons-Metal and
Normal-you know my favorite every time.
By the way, whose idea was it to move the
gearshift
lever
from the steering column to the
floor where
the
cup holder belongs so we can
spill hot liquids on our good clothes while
driving?
This
is how I
learned
Joel Edelman went into
the automobile business.
I
was thinking of Joel the other day when I
made a long-<listance
call. Now when I grew
up,
we got along pretty well with one phone com-
pany. You grabbed the receiver. The operator
came on. You gave her four numbers across
cown or seven numbers in a city. Everyone had
easily-remembered numbers, like OLympic
3-
5542.
I went
to
call my office the other
day.
I had
to punch in
4
I
numbers,
roughly one number
per mile; good thing
l
don't work in Delaware.
Even then, I
reached
no living person. First,
the
voice-mail machine interviewed me by
button
about what kind of phone
I
own and
what
kind
of service I desired. More buttons allowed me to
spell my boss's name, then punch
in
his exten-
sion. But the
machine
knew
he
was away from
his desk. So
I
left a
message,
which he didn't get
because
I
didn't close it with
21•.
This
is how
I
learned
Joel Edelman
went into the
telecommunications
busi-
ness.
I was thinking of Joel
the
other day
when
"T
120"
began flashing in the
viewfinder of my videocamera.
"Stop"
and
"Start"
I handled right away. Also
"Zoom
In"
and
"Zoom
Out." But who is
Iris Auto?
Also, wheredidChannelAandChan-
nel B come from? When I was young,
1V
channels were numbered and you
changed them with one knob; you turned
it like a clock. Tell me, what is c:his
"TCP"
button on my MRC 550 Remote Control
1V
System Programmable Channel
Changer? I tried the
"Learn"
button
and
I didn't
learn
a thing (except that the
Learn button does nothing). I sat on the
remote
box once while watching HBO. Suddenly, Mel
Gibson was speaking Spanish.
This
is how I learned Joel Edelman emi-
grated to
Asia.
Then a son returned from college.
"Sure,
Dad," he said patiently.
"It
goes like this.•
I don't understand; his name
is
Chris.
I
Andrew
H.
Malcolm
wrote the "Our Towns"
column each Tuesday
and Friday in
The New
York Times. Currently,
he is executive assistant
to Governor
Marc
Radcoto/ Montana.
His
latest book is
"Huddle:
Fathers, Sons and Foot-
ball," which has no
buttons.
25

























26
AR IS T
PEOPLE
the 15 children
that call St.
Christopher's
home.
One of them
is
Wayne Frenzel,
a
I
972
Marist
graduate and the
director of operations at Cardinal
Hayes
Home, who became
Robbie's
godfather at the boy's
recent baptism. Frenzel said
that
the
staff provides the support and
care the clients need.
"This
is
a
place where good people do good
work," he said.
BillBusby,a 1967Maristgradu-
ate and the director of residential
services, said working at the home
gives
him
a sense of personal satis-
faction.
"I
get more than
I
receive,"
he
explained,
"These
could be my
children, my nephews. I feel ful-
filled
here because
I
have done
something better for myself and
others."
Executive Director Fred Apers
shares
laughter with
a
:youngster
at the Cardinal Hayes Home.
Edward O'Keefe, professor of
psychology
at Marist College and
the director of psychological ser-
vices at the Hayes
Home,
has been
involved
with both organizations
for more than 30 years.
O'Keefe described
the
profes-
sional pride and sense of owner-
ship people exhibit at the
home.
"This
is not some place you work
at. You begin
to
say this is
my
place. This is when you
become
heavily invested and you go
the
extra
mile,"
he said.
■
Cardinal Hayes Home for Children
A
legacy of giving
T
he sun's powerful
rays shine directly
into the bright-col-
ored room, illumi-
nating two small beds. A wood-
framed portrait of a smiling child
hangs next to a painting of Bongo,
one of the
IO I
Dalmatians.
Robbie,
a nine-year-old boy,
has called this room home most of
his
life.
He was brought to the
Saint Christopher's unit of the
Cardinal Hayes Home for Children
when he was five months old. He
weighed only 9 pounds, 8 ounces,
and was a carrier of an infectious
disease.
The staff treated Robbie for
his illness and helped
him to
cope
with his cerebral palsy and mental
retardation.
They also gave
him
the
love
and the support he needed
to grow. In
recent
months Robbie
has learned
to get around with the
help of a walker. He
is
gradually
learning other basic skills.
Fred Apers, executive direc-
tor of the Cardinal Hayes Home
and a 1970 Marist graduate, said
the
Home
provides residential care
and developmental services for
children with
mental
retardation,
cerebral pal~-y,
autism, brain dam-
age, seizure disorders and other
physical disabilities.
"The
focus of the work
is
to
help youngsters with handicaps
achieve their
maximum
potential
through programs which teach
basic skills for daily living," he
said.
"Through
our day-tO<lay ex-
periences, we
have
developed an
ability to care for thes,e medically
frail children," he said.
Apers is one of scores ofMarist
graduates who have served the
children of the Hayes Home
through several decades. Many are
there today in key positions.
Guided by a philosophy of the
Franciscan Missionaries of Mary,
the home has been
in
operation
since 1941, and curroently has a
staff of nearly 300 at e:ight sites in
the Hudson Valley.
TI1emain facility, in Millbrook,
NY, is home to 43 multi-handi-
capped youngsters.
"Individual-
ized programs focus on the physi-
cal and developmental needs of
the children who range in age
from
infancy through
adoles-
cence," Apers said.
"It
develops a sense of place
and a sense of mission.
It
makes a
place come alive."
O'Keefe said that over the
years, about 50 individuals from
Marist-faculty and graduates-
Other facilities
include five commu-
nity intermediate
care facilities
in
Dutchess County.
Each offers special-
ized care to
ten
cli-
ents.
In
addition,
Cardinal Hayes oper-
ates a school for indi-
viduals with special
needs. Respite ser-
vices are available to
give families a break
Fred Apers
'70
is
one of
scores
of
Marist
graduates
who
have
served
the children
of
the Cardinal
have become in-
volved with the
Cardinal
Hayes
Home. These have
included eight psy-
chologists and 25
graduates
who
have worked as
child care workers,
social
services
workers or busi-
ness office staff.
Hayes Home
through several
decades.
In addition,
Marist students
have traditionally
volunteered hours through inde-
pendent sn1dies and intemship pro-
grams to help out and to learn.
"They
are attracted
by
the sense
that the staff cares. They are also
moved
by the clients. It's a great
pl~ce
to grow and develop,"
O'Keefe said.
I
from the constant care of a handi-
capped son or
daughter.
Sister Emilie Duchaney, staff
supervisor at the St. Christopher's
Unit and a I 979 Marist graduate,
said,
"Over
the yea.rs, through a
lot
of hard work, we make the world
a better place because we are in
it." She said there are many quiet
heroes involved with caring for
-JOSEPH
CAIABRESE
'93
MARIST
MAGAZINE





















AR IS T
PEOPLE
■
Visiting Executive reveals the reality of business ownership
Entrepreneurs
must ,~hallenge
the status quo
E
ntrepreneurship
is
not
for the fainthearted.
That sober coun-
sel likely was given
t0
would-be entrepreneurs even
be-
fore
the ribbon cutting at the
first
wheel manufacturing franchise.
And it was given again
recently
by
one who knows-Peter
F. Lordi,
Jr.
'65,
salesrepresentative-tumed-
company president who started
out as a school
teacher
after col-
lege.
Lordi, the 1993 Visiting Ex-
ecutive at Marist College and presi-
dent of Ulster Scientific, Inc., a
medical technology corporation,
was addressing a business class at
the Dyson Center and a gathering
of science sn1dents in Donnelly
Hall in April.
It
was part of
the
Executive Seminar series spon-
sored
by
the Division of
Manage-
ment Studies and the Office of
Career Development and Field
Experience.
Peter
Pirner
'66,
presi-
dent and chief executive officer of
Adidas USA, was the College's first
visiting executive
in
1992.
Lordi underscored
the differ-
ence between small business
people and entrepreneurs. Small
business people tend to
be
"other-
directed," he said, sensitive to the
needs of the marketplace and
the
advancement of existing busi-
nesses.
"Entrepreneurs,
on the other
hand, are inner-directed. They have
a great sense of personal mission.
l11ese people either want to do
something differently or do some-
thing conventional in a new way,"
Lordi said. "Entrepreneurs
usually
seek to make a statement, to dem-
onstrate to the world that their
ideas have validity."
Proving the validity of
long
shots seems to be Lordi's forte. A
decorated Vietnam veteran, he
went
home
in I 969 to Highland,
NY, joining
the
sales department
of a large medical supply com-
pany. Lordi sold medical equip-
ment in and around New York
City for a while and did well.
But it was not satisfying. He
was still
just
one little cog in a
large
corporate machine. Lordi wanted
tO
rnn the machinery.
"I
had
tO
get out," he said.
"One
way or another I would start
MARJST
MAGAZINE
my own company."
His
oppom1-
nity came at a 1974 medical con-
vention in Florida. Lordi recog-
nized the market potential of a
low-priced but overlo0tked plastic
dispette, which isa very thin, sharp-
tipped tube used for drawing small
quantities of blood-usually from
the fingertips.
Fatherly
advice
With a $300 investment and a
vision, the fom1er biology te-,icher
decided
tO
build a business-Ul-
ster Scientific, Inc.-based on that
potential. His earlier contacts as a
sales
representative
were a help.
"I
went back to au
my
buddies in New
York and said,
'Hey,
I've
started my
own company and
now I
have
W
rldBoxingCoun-
il
,Super bantam-
.ve;ight champion
ra.cy
Patterson
listens
to his
father,
trainer
and
manager, Floyd Patterson,
a
Marist
Trustee
and former world heavy-
weight boxing champion.
The
younger Patterson defended his
title against
Jesse
Be:navides March
13 at Marist's
James
J.
Mccann
Recreation
Center. The 15-round
fight, which Pattet;son won
by
a
decision, was aired
live
on ABC
Television's "Wide World Of
Sports .. ,
It
was
the
first world title
boxing
match in
Poughkeepsie.
this product,'" he said.
Corporate headquarters at
that time was the garage of his
childhood home in Highland, NY,
and his staff consisted of family
and friends. Within four years,
Ulster Scientific had $1 million in
sales.
In 1977, with the plastic
dispette market still growing,
Lordi uncovered the Autolet, a
British-made device that extracts
a drop of blood painlessly. It was
being used primarily
by
diabetics
to test glucose
levels
but now has
other uses, such as in cholesterol
testing. Since then, the company
has added several other medical
devices to its inventory and is
manufacturing a number of prod-
ucts at its New Paltz, NY facilities.
"Being
an entrepreneur
is
not
for the fainthearted. They are
somewhat removed from the
so-
ciety arow1d them.
\Vhat
distin-
guishes them from mere dream-
ers is the unique ability to both
visualize and actualize an idea,"
he
said.
Lordi, who majored in biol-
ogy at Marist, has sent both his
children to his Alma Mater; his
daughter,
Tamra,
was graduated
in 1989 with a degree in pl>-ychol-
ogy, and Tara will graduate in
1994 with a degree in interna-
tional business.
I
~---------------------------------------'
27






























28
ARIST
PEOPLE
■
Bringing freedom of the press to Kiev
Mari
st
professor teaches
journalism
in Ukraine
oho
Hartsock,
associate
professor
of
journalism,
usually
tells students that
their
job is
to
challenge
politicians
and
interpret
eventS. Ordinarily,
this
is
not
an
alien
concept
for
the students of
this
Fulbright scholar
and
veteran
journalist.
The
challenge,
how-
ever, was conveying
this message
to
a
classroom
where freedom of
the press is
a
relatively
new con-
cept.
Hartsock received
a
Fulbright
Foreign Scholarship
to
spend the
Spring
1993
semester abroad
teaching and researching
at Kiev
State University in the Ukraine
Republic.
F.stablished in
1946
by
Arkansas
Senator
J.
William
Fulbright, the
prestigious
scholar-
ships are awarded yearly to teach-
ers and
professionals to
increase
mutual
understanding
between
people of
the
United States and
other countries.
Through discussions
about
leads
and con-
tent,
Hartsock
stressed
to his students the im-
portance of question-
ing politicians and
writing objectively.
1n
Ukraine,
where news
cov-
erage has traditionally
been
gov-
ernment-controlled and
reporters
rarely
questioned
government of-
ficials,
HartSOck taught American-
style
journalism, using American
scenarios
he brought with him
on
computer
disks.
"Ukrainian
news
stories
usually
open
with long-
winded sentences
with the impor-
tant details
in the middle," he
said.
His Ukraine studentS
practiced
writing concise stories
using
ordi-
nary American
situations.
"I
wanted them to
get a feel for
America," HartSOCk
said.
"I
taught
them
the basics
of
American jour-
nalism and let
them
decide what
approach
was
appropriate for
their
own culture."
The political
climate
in
Ukraine
is more accommodating to
these
previously unconventional
con-
cepts,
he
said. Under the
reforms
of the
new
government, newspa-
pers
are
gradually
winning
free-
dom from
government
control
over
news,
explained
Hartsock,
whose
students
are keenly inter-
ested
in investigative reporting.
Under
Soviet-style
journalism,
news articles
often
consisted of
Statements
from government
offi-
cials,
with their
opinions
taken
as
fact.
Through discussions about
leads and
content,
Hartsock
stressed
to his
sn1dents
the impor-
tance
of
questioning politicians
and writing
objectively.
"It
is the job
of
reporters to
convey the significance of
what is
happening in daily
life,"
he
said.
This is
the second
time
Hartsock has been
assigned
to
teach
at
Kiev
State University.
1n
1991
,
he
became
the
first faculty
member
from Marist
to partici-
pate in
a
unique
exchange
pro-
gram
between Marist and Kiev
State University.
Because
of
the
failed coup
in
August of
that
year,
he
was
prevented
from teaching.
Instead, he
covered
the
breakup
of
the
Soviet
Union
for the San
Francisco Examiner and
reported
on events
in Latvia
and Siberia,
where he has relatives. Hartsock's
mother immigrated to
the
United
States from
Latvia
in
1939.
Hartsock
said
he
finds
the
struggles for
independence have
made
the former Soviet citizens
very cynical.
Disillusioned with
their
own government
and
way of
life,
young Ukrainians would
like
to believe that America is the land
of opportunity
to
become
rich.
"They
are
obsessed with America,"
said
Hartsock.
"However,
they've
discovered
that
democracy and
the free market. don't
necessarily
provide
immediate
answers." A
society
Hartsock
described as one
"that
learned
to
keep to
itself,"
now
seems volatile and
unstable.
Before
coming
to Marist
in
I
989,
Hartsock covered
the
Reagan
and
Bush
administrations
for
various wire services
in Wash-
ington, DC. While
in Ukraine,
Hartsock also researched articles
on
the country's
environment, its
social
and
economic
difficulties,
and the
emergence
of
Ukr,iinian
nationalism.
I
-VICTORIA
BALCOMB
Story time!
Thirty-two Marist studentS in
Nora
Jachym'sclass, "TheTeachingofRead-
ing: Process and Strategies for
Elemen-
tary and Special Education,"
were
given a different kind of challenge in
1993.
To help master the education
principles involved, and to learn the
computer skills they'll need as teach-
ers, they were required to create their
own storybooks for children, using
computer word processing programs
and, in a number of cases, desk top
publishing technology.
Toward
the
end of the year, the Marist students
read their books to children at various
child care programs in Poughkeepsie
and then gave the books to the organi-
zations. Each story included
some
as-
pect of ethnic and cultural diversity.
I
d
mustrat.ed
Written
""by
aartn•r
Chri•t.& B•ufll"
MARIST MAGAZINE



















A.RIST
PEOPLE
Milton Teichman
co-edits book on
Holocaust literature
M
iltonTeichman,
professor
of
English, and his
wife,
Sharon
Leder, assistant professor of En-
glish at Nassau Community Col-
lege, Garden City, NY, are the co-
editors of a unique anthology of
literature that draws from nine
languages to make creative and
profound comments on the Holo-
caust.
Truth and Lamentation:
Stories and Poems on the Holo-
caust, published by the University
of
Illinois
Press and scheduled to
appear this fall, is the first anthol-
ogy of its kind to focus on poetry
and short fiction dealing with the
systematic destruction of Euro-
pean
Jews
by the Nazis between
1933
and 1945. The project was
supported by the
Max
&
Clara
Fortunoff Foundation
and by
Marist College.
The book includes 20 short
stories and 90 poems translated
from Polish, German, Dutch,
French, Italian, Russian, Yiddish,
and Hebrew.
It
also includes works
originally written in
English.
The
anthology contains pieces written
Milton Teichman
MARIST MAGAZINE
by Holocaust victims who per-
ished as well as tho,se who sur-
vived. It also includes sigruficant
works by writers who did not
experience the
Holocaust
directly.
Some of the well known writers
represented are Nelly Sachs, Primo
Levi, LB. Singer and Elie Wiesel.
Less known authors who wrote
in
ghettos and camps in,ciude Sincha
Bunim Shayevitsh,
Yitzhak
Katzenelson andJosefZelkowicz.
The editors' scholarly introduc-
tion discusses truth-telling and
lamentation as the two main
tendencies of the literature pre-
sented.
According to Teichman, who
is also director of the College's
Jewish Studies Program, the
volume's stories and poems trans-
late
events that today seem almost
mythical into the experience of
flesh and blood human beings.
"This
anthology will heighten
appreciation of what the genres of
poetry and short fiction bring to
an understanding o.f the Holo-
caust," Teichman saici.
Teichman
has been teaching
a course on Holocaust literature at
Marist since 1975.
I
Eugene H. Melan
NY Governor
thanks
Eugene Melan
for
TQM
leadership
E
ugene H. Melan,
visiting assistant
professor in
the
Division of
Management
Studies, was
recognized
recently
by New York
State Governor
Mario M.
Cuomo for his
contributions
to
the
1993
Governor's
Excelsior
"Quality of
Work"
Award Program.
The
Excelsior
Award Program, irutiated in 1991,
is a major
part of the effort by
New
York State government
to
encourage
and
recognize
organizational
excellence
in
business, education
and government.
Melan,
a
consultant to industry
on
total
quality
management (fQM),
was
an
examiner for
the
award
program.
Program examiners and judges
visited
government facili-
ties, college
campuses and industrial
sites across
the
state.
Gov.
Cuomo
said
the advice and
suggestions from
the
site
visits
gave
employers
the opporturuty to
re-examine
their
operations
and
to
achieve
new
standards
of quality.
"The men
and women
who tirelessly served as examiners
and
judges
for
the
Excelsior
Award are
helping
all
of
New
York's
public
and
private
institutions
to speak the
language
of quality,•
Cuomo said.
The
governor
also
thanked
Marist
College
for
its strong
participation
in the program and the
donation of
Melan's time
toward
the
successful completion of the selection
process.
Before coming
to Marist,
Melan
worked
for
IBM in various
positions
in
systems
and technology
development,
manufactur-
ing and
staff operations
in the
United States
and
overseas.
He
has
served as a consultant
to
Bell Laboratories, Dupont,
MCI, and
the University of
Pennsylvania.
McGraw-Hill
recently published
his
book,
Process
Management:
Methods for
Improving
Prod-
ucts and Services,
which
focuses on
TQM
within
business
operations.
I
29














30
■
'Dee'
Nell
'82
brings her love of theattn to her work
Endurance in Hom of Africa
F
or Diane Nell, a day at the
office could mean driv-
ing for hours chasing an
elusive desert mirage, or
conducting business crouched
under her desk as bullets whiz
across the room from fighting in
the streets. Whether she's work-
ing with rural farmers in Liberia or
photographing the plight of refu-
gees in Sudan, Ethiopia or Somalia,
Nell brings a little of Marist to
work with her every day.
As
the Horn of Africa program
officer for Save the Children Fed-
eration, Nell has a front row seat to
the evolving events in that volatile
part of the world. ShecreditsMarist
College with giving her the skills
and the opportunity to develop
several interests that led to her
exciting career.
In
testimony to the U.S. Con-
gress in 1992, Nell and her col-
leagues predicted the current
drought and human misery
in
So-
malia. She has also addressed the
United Nations about the situation
in the Horn of Africa. For the last
two years, Nell, as the person re-
sponsible for coordinating Save
the Children's activities
in
the Hom
of Africa, has worked in Somalia,
Egypt, Sudan, and, most recently,
Ethiopia.
The job does include enor-
mous administrative responsibili-
ties, such as coordinating emer-
gency food programs. Then there
was the constant danger of being
shot, especially in Somalia.
"Somalia
was like M.A.S.H. It
was either very good or very bad-
there was no middle ground. It
was always dangerous with au of
the shooting going on. I had to be
evacuated twice," she said.
She once hid in her basement
for two days while fighting r.tged
in the streets above. And there
were those occasions she would
literally be forced to work under
her office desk in Mogadishu, as
bullets slammed into the building
from outside.
But then there were the times
she would strap on her prized,
multi-pocketed journalist's vest,
her35 mm and video cameras, and
climb into a land cruiser.
Her
des-
tination would be some remote
area of Somalia, Ethiopia or Sudan,
where she would use her camel"JS
to document children, women,
and refugees in the a~;ency's de-
velopment projects.
Her apartment in Westport,
CT, which
overlooks
the
Saugatuck River, isfiUed with these
picrures, masks, pottery, and other
artifactsfromherandhusbandlvor
Melmore's
work
in Africa.
Melmore, an agriculturist with
Save the Children, is a consultant
to various African countries. He
MARJST MAGAZINE





















helps to design agriculrnral plans
that incorporate traditional and
modem fanning methods. They
own a
home
in Jefferson, a rural
upstate
New York community.
l11e women she met during
those trips hold a particular fasci-
nation for NeU. It is reflected in
the
enlarged color photographs hang-
ing throughout her apartment, in
her voluminous slide collection,
and in the tone of
reverence
her
voice assumes when she talks
about them. l11ere
is
no ambiguity
when Nell communicates the
re-
spect and admiration she
holds
for
these strong, resourceful women
who are ded.icated to
their
fami-
lies' survival despite overwhelm-
ing odds.
Sitting in her
living
room on a
cool, crisp evening last winter,
she seemed oblivious to the sounds
and activity on the street below.
She was adjusting the slide of an
elderly Ethiopian woman on a light
table. The intense eyes, with no
trace of defiance, staring out of
that wrinkled face,
reflected
a sul-
len pride in the midst of acute
hardships.
Nell was recounting the story
behind that spectacular slide. It
was during
the r.iiny
season and
her vehicle became bogged down
in mud. Unable to get to her desti-
nation, she and her companions
walked
to
this village where the
old woman was sitting at a fire in
front of her
house
with some other
women.
"I
just walked over and I just
sat down in front of the fire right
next to this woman. I was totally
accepted.
I
might as well have
been her daughter. I couldn't teLI
what they were saying, but
I
could
tell they were pleased, or at
le-.ist
amused that I was there," she said.
Eventually, the women be-
came interested in Nell's hair, and
soon she
had
established a rela-
tionship that transcended
lan-
guage. This contact with women
in the countryside has
become
one of the delights of her
job.
"I
don't know, maybe I just
missed having my mother. What-
ever
it
was, it was a level that I was
connected with them at and it
would happen in Somalia, Ethio-
pia or
in
Sudan," said Nell. And
this
connection with the people she
encounters
is
evident in her still
and video work.
By all accounts, the Marist
graduate's work is
highly
ac-
claimed. One of her photo-
MARIST
MAGAZINE
graphs-of
a Sudanese girl-ap-
peared on the cover of the Geneva-
based International Save
the
Chil-
dren Alliance
1991 Annual
Report.
She was flown from Africa
tO
Florida to receive an :award for a
I
99 I video docume·ntary, The
Street Children of Addis Ababa.
Her photography and video
documentaries that
have
become
such an integral part of her work
are a reflection of some of the
skills she acquired at Marist, Nell
said. She thought abo1Jt the many
radio, television and photography
courses she took with some vague
awareness
that,
despite liking
them, those skills could be useful
at some point.
"1l1e
thing is, I teamed all of
this stuff at Marist. People like
Jerry Cox cook the time to be my
teachers and mentors," Nell said.
"I
remember getting up
to
speak before
2,0CI{)
people at the
U. .
arnd
recalling things I ha1d
leamed inJep L1nn.ing
's
public speaking class."
volved in acting and the produc-
tion
of on-campus plays, and ap-
peared in a number of community
theater
productions.
"I was addicted
to
theater. I
was involved in just about every
11Spect
of theater productions, both
at Marist and off campus," NeU
said.
Her off-campus theater activi-
ties kept her quite busy. She pro-
duced
Hair
at Poughkeepsie's
Bardavon
1869 Opera House in
1978 for the Hyde Park Players,
and appeared in
You Can't Take it
With Yott, directed by Marist stu-
dent Daniel Edgcomb and his wife
Lucia Squicciarin.i '75. On cam-
pus, Nell was involved in a num-
ber of productions, including
Tbe
Odd Couple, Graffiti and Doctor
Doolittle for the Children's The-
atre. She also directed several by
Nell admitted she was part of
a srndent elite at a ti.nle when
people involved in theater at Marist
enjoyed a considerable amount of
prominence.
"The
Marist theater program
was becoming glorified and people
envied us,• she recalled.
"Under-
standably, we were very proud of
ourselves, and I suppose that made
us stand out."
After her
I
982 graduation,
Nell, a former child model, re-
rnmed to New York City, where
she was involved with some avant
garde theater groups for about a
year. Eventually becoming disillu-
sioned with New York's theater
scene, she made an unpredictable
and radical career decision.
"I sent away for a Pe-.ice Corps
application.
I
didn't know what
I
was doing because, on
the
one
hand, I felt people in
these i.nlpoverished
ar-
eas of the world need
water and we
Us,
not ac-
tors,• Nell said.
"On
the
other hand, I wanted to
be involved in some-
thing meaningful, to
make a difference.•
And being so closely
involved in theater al-
lowed her the creative
freedom she has always
craved.
"If it was just to
do the lighting for a play
or how I was going
1:0
direct a production, hav-
ing
that
whole exerci!;e
of having a completely
wide open, blank sla1te
on which to put mystutff
was so
rewarding,"
Nell
said.
Asahighschoolstu-
dent, Nell had a single-
minded purpose-a ca-
reer in theater. She said
''I
was
addicted to theater. I was in-
volved
in
just
about
every
aspect
of
theater productions, both at Marist
She described her
decision asa majorrnm-
ing point because,
when Peace Corps offi-
cials finally called her,
she was told they had
an assignment that was
tailor-made for her. It
was a radio project in
Liberia, West Africa.
"They
needed
someone with theater
and radio production
background to teach
she had originally a p-
plied to Vassar College, but she
and her mother got
los:t
on a sched-
uled visit to Poughkeepsie and
ended up on the Marist campus
instead. An admissiorlS counselor
advised her she could combine
her
love
for theater with a strong
communications
p,rogram at
Marist. Vassar never saw her after
that.
As a communica1tions major,
she literally devoured classes in
radio, television and theater pro-
duction at Marist. In a,ddition, she
was the disk jockey for a
late
night
jazz show on WMCR, president of
Marist College Council for The-
atre Arts (MCCTA)
in
her junior
year, directed seve~il children's
theater productions, became in-
and
off
campus."
Donald Anderson, Marist assistant
professor of English.
Meanwhile, she was develop-
ing her other skills by cramming as
many photography courses as pos-
sible into her schedule and accept-
ing whatever creative and free-
lance photo assignments that can1e
her way. Some of these included
portraits of srndents.
Despite all of
these
activities,
she insists that she managed to
maintain her
identity
as a unique
and in1petuous individual. Hers,
she said, was never one of
the
faces that blended into the fabric
of the coUege community.
"I
was not a shy person, and I
was pretty eccentric. I guess I
dressed kind of weird," she said.
and train people from
the rural areas as pro-
ducers," Nell said.
"The
challenge
was how to
take
a topic like breast
feeding, for example, and dr.ima-
tize it
tO
teach a broad audience."
Between
1984 and 1987, she
produced children's radio dramas,
a weekly radio drama on health
iSSues for women and other pro-
grams directed to rural farmers.
The weekly educational radio dra-
mas, she said, had the i.nlpact of
television soap oper.is. They at-
tracted a large devoted audience.
"I decided I had found my
niche. I can still do theater, the
thing I love most. I can still be
crazy and exciting and I can do it
in a different environment-Af-
rica," said ell.
I
-G.
MOOELE CLARKE
31


























32
■
Marist video
manager by day,
TV writer by night
Take
my
script,
please!
anet Lawler has
probably
made millions of people
laugh,
but she's not a
comic. And
despite
the
often volatile and some-
times violent
nature
of the televi-
sion
dramas
she has written, she is
not
a brawler.
Quite the contrary, there's an
intriguing gentleness about
this
soft-spoken woman that
masks
an
immense determination to suc-
ceed at
her
craft. Lawler, who is
the audio visuavrv operations
manager
at
Marist
College's media
center, writes and produces in-
structional videos for the college
community.SheandWilliamRyan,
director
of the media center, also
produce
about four videos annu-
ally for organizations such as
hos-
pitals
and
mental
health
institutions.
Students are always involved
in the
projects, Lawler said. They
get
tO
participate in all of the pro-
duction
phases, including script
writing, creating graphics and
video editing.
At the end of Lawler's work
day of filming, creating sets, edit-
ing videos and writing video
scripts, she heads home to write
some
more.
The
1985
Marist graduate
has
written jokes for comedians
Rodney
Dangerfield and Joan Riv-
ers.
It
was that w1pretentious, but
deep-rooted self-confidence
that
propelled her into freelance com-
edy writing. Several years ago
when Joan Rivers was the guest
host
on the
"Tonight
Show,"
Lawler
listened
intently to the
comedienne's
opening mono-
logue and to the continuous stream
of one-liners. Lawler was so con-
vinced she could write for Rivers
A RI ST
Janet Lawler
'85
that she immediately dashed off a
letter
witl1 some jokes. That mo-
ment of impulse initiated a three-
year relationship with the comic.
TI1e
same combination of im-
pulse and confidence pushed her
t0
contact Rodney Dangerfield. By
then she had a good handle on his
self-effacing I-don't-get-no-respect
one-liners. The comedian not only
gave her respect, he gave her a
break. Dangerfield bought her
jokes regularly and
PEOPLE
tremely competitive and difficult
field to get into. For that reason
she continued to peddle her one-
liners while working on her script-
writing craft. Also, tl1ere was the
immediate gratification she got
from supplying big-name comics
with funny lines.
"It
was exciting to hear Joan
Rivers and Rodney Dangerfield tell
my jokes on TV,• Lawler said.
But she has never had the urge
tO
run out on stage,
used them in his
routine. He once
sent her a hand-writ-
ten card inviting her
to be his guest at an
Atlantic City resort
where he was ap-
pearing.
Rodney
grab a microphone,
face an unpredict-
able audience and
deliver her own
jokes. In fact, she
once turned down
an opportunity that
could
have
Dangerfield
not
only gave
her
respect, he
gave
her a break.
"He
was ex-
tremely personable. He had my
mother and me as his guests and
arranged
to
have everything at our
disposal.
It
was a wondetful week-
end," Lawler s.1id.
Although writing; full-length
television scripts is hoer first Jove,
she acknowledged it is an ex-
latmchedhercareer
as a comedienne.
"During
the mid-'80s when a
lot of new comedy clubs were
opening up, Rodney invited me to
do some stand-up comedy. He of-
fered to get me on one of
those
shows, but I declined," she said.
Lawler, whose gentle bearing
could
be
mistaken for shyness,
allowed that she would be tmcom-
fortable being
the
center of atten-
tion. She conceded that her cur-
rent preference for anonymity
would be a
major
career obstn1c-
tion for a stand-up comic. She said,
however, she was not always this
tower of
reseive
and restraint.
Lawler recalled that as a young-
ster, she was always the center of
attention, either as the prankster-
in-residence or as t11e presiding
smart aleck.
"In
high
school I was voted
'TI1e
Class Clown,'" she said.
"As
I got older, especially in college, 1
became
more
introverted even as
1
became
more
comfortable in
my
writing."
Clowning aside, Lawlerwants
to leave
her
mark on television.
In
discussing the scripts she has cre-
ated, some of her trademark re-
seive falls away as she shows a
hint of excitement. One of her
latest works, about a New York
City detective's determination to
capture a serial rapist, is fast-paced,
vivid, turbulent and sanirated witl1
Big Apple indifference, street savvy
and survival genius. It is hard to
make the connection between
tl1e
script's hard edge and the serene
disposition of the writer.
"In
script writing, you can't
rely on paragraph after paragraph
of copy to set t11e scene. Every
word
has
to advance tl1e story or it
doesn't work. You have
to
move
the story along quickly to grab the
viewer's attention and then
hold
it,"
she said.
Although she has not sold any
of her scripts as yet, Lawler
is
not
discouraged. She is the epitome of
optimism as she thumbs through a
large red
three-ring binder on
her
desk. The binder is crammed with
scripts, correspondence from tele-
vision production companies and
some
rejection letters.
"Deep
down
I
believe in my
own ability. TI1ese letters have
not
extinguished my desire
to
be a
script writer,• Lawler said.
"John
Grisham was rejected by 20 pub-
lishers
and 16 agents. They all
turned
down
'A
Time To Kill' until
a small publisher became
inter-
ested. Margaret Mitchell's
'Gone
With the Wind' was turned down
70
times."
For this woman who has put
words in Joan Rivers'
mouth,
she
knows
it's
only a
matter
of time
before a television producer says
to her:
"Can
we talk?"
I
MARIST
MAGAZINE



















T
he 30 species of trees
that grJce the campus
at Marist College range
from two huge red
oaks that pre-date the American
Revolution
to a tiny tortuous beech
tree that in winter resembles noth-
ing so much as a very large pretzel.
The campus
is registered
as an
arboretum with the American As-
sociation ofBotanical Gardens and
Arboreta, a designation that
re-
flects
the
College's commitment
to the care and maintenance of the
trees and gives Marist access to
other arboretum
managers.
"The
original inspiration for
the arboretum project came from
William Perrotte, a biologist who
taught here for 25 years and died
in September of
I
99
I,"
explains
Assistant Professor of philosophy
TI10mas Casey, who worked with
Perrotte and carries on as the
arboretum's mainstay today.
"Bill
was a dedicated teacher, an
ex-
traordinary person and a delight
to work with."
Each tree is number-tagged,
catalogued and entered into a com-
puter file listing its size, location
ARIST
PEOPLE
Marist c:ampus
now
a registe:red
arboretum
Thomas Casey contemplates a weeping hemlock on
campus.
and identification. Some of the
trees are name-tagged,. as well.
The inventory includes pine
groves that were on the! grounds
in 1905 when the Marist Brothers
bought the property. Other spe-
cies, many added over the years
since then, include the mountain
ash, the crimson king, the Japa-
nese cutleaf maple, the weeping
hemlock, and the purple beech.
Casey says that new trees
"are
selected to get a variety of colors
and shapes, such as the tortuous
beech. We also select species for
their
durability.
And we consider
what kinds of birds each tree
will
attract so we can have a wide
variety of birds here, too."
With clumps and splashes of
vivid red, plum purple, pine green,
khaki and other hues, the plant life
at Marist gives the College a strik-
ing natural beauty. Casey credits
grounds operations supervisor
Ralph Short and his staff for keeir
ing the grounds in
"excellent
con-
dition."
The arboretum at Marist
is
one
of several
located in
the Hudson
Valley. An exceptional arboretum
is on the property of
the
Vanderbilt
Mansion, just a few miles north of
Marist. Casey notes that
"it
was
acquired by the United States
government
when
Franklin
Roosevelt was president. The presi-
dent knew the importance of the
Vanderbilt property because he
lived just down the
road
in Hyde
Park and was a great tree man. He
used to list his occupation as
'tree
farmer.'"
I
-.ANASTASIA
CUSTER
'93
ALL EYES ON THE BALL
Marist guard Andy Lake dem<llnstrates
how to score consistently from the line despite some spontaneous
coaching
from the crowd. Andy's demonstration was[ part of the annual "Kids' Day Out" basketball clinic at Marist's James J.
Mccann Recreation Center. Children attending the 01~e-day
clinic learned fundamental basketball skills from senior players and
coaches
of the men's and women's teams. Their registration fees benefited the College's scholarship
fund for disabled students.
The event was sponsored by the Red Foxes and the Office of Special Services.
MARIST
MAGAZINE
33

























■
The Marist Institute for Public Opinio11
On
the
Presidential
Campaign
T
il
LEE
M. MDUNGOFF,
Director, MJJDO
ra
BARBARA
L.
CARVAIHO,
Director,. '/he Marist Poll
Editor's Note: Lee
M.
Miringoff,
director, Marist
Institute
for
Pub-
lic Opinion, and Barbara
L.
Carvalho, director, '/he Marist
Poll, had a unique vantage point
throughout the 1992 presiden-
tial campaign from
the
earliest
speculation about who would
seek the presidency to
the
election
night finale. '/his is an
account
of
some of their experiences.
T
he 1992
presidential
election brought many
changes
in the
style
and technology
of
campaign politics and offered
34
many clues
to the
successes and
failures of
the new
Clinton admin-
istration.
The
campaign is remem-
bered
for
its many
distinctive ele-
ments including the speculation
over who would challenge Presi-
dent Bush and
the
big-name
Demo-
crats who
reached
the conclusion
that such an effort would
be
futile,
the
wide-open
ew Hampshire
Primary,
the emergence of the
send-a-message candidates, the
contrasting
public response
to the
two political conventions, the
talk
show formats with their direct
appeal
to
voters, the proliferation
of
polls,
and the victory of Bill
Clinton ending the GOP lock on
the White House. We had a front
row
seat to witness the new ways
candidates
reached
voters and to
make
news in an election year
characterized by changes
in
the
use
of polls and
the role
of the
media.
Washington, D.C.
November 10-16, 1991
Tim
Russert,
Moderator for
NBC's
"Meet
The Press," was carv-
ing up
then Louisiana gubernato-
rial candidate David Duke as we
and a group of Marist College stu-
dents stood off-camera watching a
top-notch journalist at work. With
some trepidation, the students
awaited
the program's
c,ompletion
for
their
tum with
Rw;sert,
who
seemed
nothing less
on camera
than a
barracuda.
Our discussion about the na-
scent political campaign, however,
was thoroughly engagimg and en-
lightening, as were ea.ch of the
seven seminars with the nation's
leading political journalists
during
this information gathering trip.
Although the election was a long
way off, and President George Bush
had high
ratings
in public opinion
polls,
these
journalists all hinted at
potential voter turbul,ence, par-
ticularly
if
Bush were unable
to
come
to
grips with gro,wing con-
cern over
the
economy.
They
pointed
out
that it
would take an
unusually
strong
Democratic
ef-
fort
to dislodge the
GOP from
the
White House.
The Cuomo Deciision
December
19-20,
1991'
Theeveningpriortc,NewYork
Governor Mario Cuomo's an-
nouncement
(finally) that
he
would
not
seek the presidency
found
the Miringoff
htalf of
the
MIPO
duo
in the statehouse in
Albany where the Govemor was
chatting informally witl1 a dozen
national
and New York reporters
about everything except
the big
question of the
moment:
"Would
he
or Wouldn't he?"
Miringoff
was circling
the
cor-
ridors
of
the
second floor in the
capitol when a senior Cuomo ad-
viser
ushered
him
into
the im-
promptu press gathering. What
was striking was the pn~ssure on a
man poised to make an
historic
announcement who ha.ct
cornered
himself politically
by
committing not to
run for
president
unless New
York's budget
picture
was
solved. TI1econventional wisdom
was that on
the
following
day,
the
deadline
for filing for
the
New
Hampshire
primary,
Cuomo would
announce
that he
was
indeed
a
presidential candidate.
Onfriday, December20, 1991,
Carvall10 arrived
in
Albany to join
Miri.ngoffforCuomo'sdecisionand
to participate
in
the numerous
press interviews to
follow.
TI1e
entire morning and afternoon were
spent, in what
many
of the 200
veteran
political
reporters
crowded outside
the
Governor's
office called, a
most
eerie political
non-event.
The deadline for filing in Con-
cord, NH was only hours away. A
chartered plane was at
the
Albany
Airport pointed
t◊ward
the New
Hampshire
capital and Cuomo
aides were waiting by a phone
booth
there
ready to
file
for him in
absentia.
Our scheduled television ap-
pearance
in
New
York City was
approaching and off we went. We
were
on the West Side Highway
in
New
York City when Cuomo an-
nounced that he would
not n1.11.
Miringoff's interview
dealt
with a
far different political
landscape
as
a result.
MARIST MAGAZINE

















The New Hampshire
Primary
Februmy
18,
1992
Four years ago, we found
a
thriving
New
Hampshire
economy.
This time,
the shopping
malls were empty and
the
voters
were
in
a
grumpy
mood.
MIPO
polls identified early on
renewed
voter
interest in politics
and issues
this year which foreshadowed the
bumpy ride
for many c-,mdidates
on
the road
to
the \Vhite
House.
The salvos
launched by Patrick
Buchanan in this first-in-the-nation
primary demonstrated
President
Bush's
weakness within
the
con-
servative wing of
his
party. The
emergence of
Paul
Tsongas tele-
graphed
that
politics as
usual
would not
be the calling card for
this
election year.
In
New
Hampshire
we ob-
served the
competence of candi-
date
Bill Clinton to withstand a
series of potentially devastating
knockout
punches
about his char-
acter.
At three different
campaign
rallies, we saw in Clinton
a gifted
campaigner
who
could tailor the
fabric of
his
speeche:s
without
changing his
message. His
cam-
paign organization
look,ed
impres-
sive, from the Arkansas; travellers
who served
as hosts
to
these
events,
to
the
rock
band,
"111e
Clintones," who enten:ained the
expectantcrowd(nosaxophone).
TI1e
morning
following the
primary provided
the
chance for
Miringoff
to do a live
interview
on
WNBC's
"Today
in New York,"
the first of his
50
appei1rances on
that program
during the,campaign.
The New York
Democratic Primary
April 7, 1992
The
road
to
the
White House
inevitably
passes
throu:gh
the
Big
Apple,
and 1992 was
no
excep-
tion. By
April, Presiden1t
Bush had
all
but
claimed renomination and
Clinton
had amassed
a substantial
delegate
lead in the
rac,e to be the
Democratic
challenger. The New
York Primary was
Jerry Brown's
last chance
and it
pl:aced
Paul
Tsongas
back
on
the
press inter-
view list,
but
it
is
be:st
remem-
bered
for
Bill
Clinton's
claim
that
he
never
inhaled.
The
Marist Poll
closely moni-
tored
electoral
trends I
eading up
to this pivotal primary. Press
inter-
in
the
Marist Poll
and the
of the candidates
literally
crossed
paths on the
Donahue
set follow-
ing an appearance by
Bill
Clinton.
Miringoff
and Carvalho were be-
sieged by dozens of
reporters
seek-
ing the
results
of Marist's
latest
overnight
tracking
of New York-
ers-all within earshot of the
fu.
ture
president.
Each of the 200 Marist College
student
pollsters
who participated
in these
primary polls made news
through
their
involvement in
MIPO
activities. On the
day
before
the
primary,
Miringoff was
inter-
viewed in seven New York
televi-
sion snidios and with Carvalho,
conducted 74 additional inter-
views with reporters and pollsters
from
every major media outlet
in
the nation.
Fortunately, in
an
environment
where you are only as good as
your last poll, the Marist Poll
was
on the money. We live
until 1996!
The Political
Conventions
July
and August,
I
992
111e Democratic and
Republi-
can national conventions offered
the opportunity
for extensive
analysis
and
commentary. Our van-
tage point from
the floor
of the
Democratic convention and from
the press
galleries was
particularly
interesting
and provided many last-
ing
memories.
(Who will ever for-
get surviving on
13 hours
of sleep
for five
nights).
There
was the steady stream
of speech makers, the constantly
changing
political spin, a
national
audience
responding,
and New
York
City at its best.
linton/
Gore (the whole was greater
than
the
sum of its
parts) left
New
York
City to commence a series of bus-
capades.
The desire
for change
and an appeal
to
the
baby-boom
generation of voters
would
carry
them to victory
in the
fall.
Marist
College
was well repre-
sented at
Madison
Square Garden.
April Amonica, class of
'92,
was
assistingMIPO,
Mary Gannon,
class
of
'78,
was
in
attendance,
Peter
O'Keefe, classof'91, was working
for
the
Clint0n campaign, and
Renee Parrott,
class of
'94,
was an
intern
for WNBC.
Election Night
November 3,
1992
The
year of polling
and
press
interviews
culminated on
election
nightwhenweparticipatedineach
of
the
New
York
City
television
stations'
political
coverage
and
exit
poll
analyses.
Ironically,
Carvalho
was interviewed by WCBS' Marcia
Kramer and Jim Jensen within
minutes
of
Miringoffs .interview
on WNBC by Gabe
Pressman. (Her
market
share
was
21 and
Miringoffs was 19
for
that time
slot.)
The
country elected a new
president
who pledged
to
bring
about economic change.
The
mea-
sure of Clinton's success
will
ulti-
mately
be taken at the
very same
ew
Hampshire
shopping
malls
where
he launched
his
1992
bid.
Will there be
an economic recov-
ery by
I
996?
Ma.list College
snidents par-
ticipated in
the
political
process
throughout
the campaign. Our stu-
dents
were called
upon to
assume
important responsibilities
in
poll-
ing and interviewing. Memories
of
an
exciting
election year
will
be
lasting
for us all.
I
3'i























ARIST
PEOPLE
■
Founding President came to Marist in jl943
50
years
and
still
hon1e
M
aristCollegeinits
formative years
earned a reputa-
tion
as
"the
col-
lege
that
built itself," and Brother
Paul
Ambrose Fontaine is the man
who got the
do-it-yourself project
started.
The
organizer
and
founding
president
of
the
College was 29
years old
in
1943
when two im-
portant
events occurred on
the
same
day: He
completed
his
master'sdegreeinEnglishatCatho-
lic
Universiry of
America in
Wash-
ington, D.C.,
and
his provincial
called
him
to Poughkeepsie
into
a four-year college.
He did
that
in three
years
and
stayed on
as
president another
12
years
to build
the
campus,
the faculty and the
academic program.
He was told that he
was
to be
the new Master
of
Scholastics
at
the Marist Brothers'
Normal
Train-
ing
School,
and that he
was to
transform the two-year institution
Brother Paul left Mariist in
1958
when he was
elected
Assistant
Superior
General
of the
Marist
Brothers
worldwide.
He
was
gone
for many years,
working
out
of
France
and Rome. His most recent
extended
overseas as:signm.ent
ended
in 1990, when he: returned
to the
College at
age
77
and was
named President Emeritus. He
continues
to travel the world for
the missions, but his home
is
the
Kieran Gate House
on
thie
College
grounds.
Brother Paul
is
a life
trustee of the
College.
Hoe holds an
honorary Doctor
of
Hum1ane
Let-
ters degree from Marist.
I
Brother Paul Ambrose, FMS
■
Center for Ufetime Studies
Keeping up with ea1ger
learners
T
he students left the classroom.
slowly, some
reluctantly.
The
class had been over for more than
five
minutes,
but still they hung
together in small groups discussing, and in
some cases, continuing an in-class debate on
the struggle between conservatives and liber-
als to develop a
Mexican
national identity.
An
earlier lecture had generated similar intense
discussion on Mexico's indigenous people and
the impact of the Spanish conquest.
This
scenario may be rypical of any num-
ber of thought-provoking college courses on
campuses across the country-except
that
these are not typical college students. They are
more
likely
to be the grandparents of tradi-
tional college-aged students. They are part of
the approximately 240 men and women en-
rolled in
the Marist College Center for
Lifetin1e
Study (CLS), which provides them intellectual
and
cultural opportunities in a
relaxed
atmo-
sphere free of exams or grades.
Since CLS is
a membership-based,
non-
profit organi1.ation sponsored by
Marist,
mem-
bers
design
and
develop
more
than
20 courses
each
semester.
These
courses, offered in two
series each year, represent a wide range of
interests
and disciplines.
Most,
however, are in
the social sciences and
humanities
and include
topics such as,
"English
Romantic
Poets:
Wordsworth and Coleridge";
"The
Movies
Grow Up.
Maybe!";
"FDR
and Eleanor"; and,
"International
Affairs."
Because creativiry is so integral to the
Newt~ eds
Betty and Adrian Perreault
await the
start
of
class.
courses development, many of them revolve
around activities and special events. As a re-
sult, whiile most classes are conducted at the
Frankli111
D. Roosevelt Library in
Hyde
Park,
NY, andl on the Marist campus, some include
visits to artists' studios and exhibitions.
Ray,mond
and
Elvira Haddad
know the
importance of a good education.
"We:
always tried to continue our educa-
tion eve though we have been transferred
so
many times, due to work," Elvira
Haddad,
a
resident of
Hyde
Park, NY, said.
"But
no matter
where
we were, we always went
to
school."
The Haddads have been CLS members
since its inception in
1992 and are currently
council members of the program. CL5 is open
to people
55
years of age or older who have a
desire for lifelong learning.
It
is an affiliate of
the Elderhostel lnstitute Network.
Eleanor Charwat, executive director of
Adult Education, said the progran1, now
in
its
second year, has been well
received.
"It's
met
a real need for retirees who want intellectual
stimulation," Charwat said.
"The
evidence is
the relatively short time it took to catch on. It
usually takes several years to get this size
membership."
She attributed the program's rapid success
to the leadership of Jonall and Joan Sherman.
Jonah Sherman, CL5's president, and a Marist
College Trustee, agreed that the Center is
beneficial.
"So
far, the response has been
very
posi-
tive from the communiry.
People
are being
exposed to courses and information they have
always wanted, but have not been able to
explore before," Sherman said.
For retirees like the
Haddads,
the Center
provides continued intellectual growth.
"It
helps to keep us current in the world and it
gives us the opportunity to increase our fel-
lowship with people who have sinlilar inter-
ests," Raymond Haddad said.
I
-PATRICESEU.ECK'93
36
L-----------------------------------------------'


















■
Unconditional reaccreditation
Marist College recei,ves
high grades
in
Middle States tearn report
M
ost people
as-
sociated with
Marist College,
directly or in-
directly, will agree that it has ac-
complished a great deal in its rela-
tively short history. This opinion
was reinforced recently when tl1e
Commission on Higher Education
of the Middle States Association of
Colleges and Schools granted the
College "unconditional reaccredi-
tation."
The Commission's action fol-
lowed a site visit to Marist by a
Middle States evaluation team. In
its report, the I
I-member
team
declared,
"Marist
should be justly
proud of what
it
has accomplished
and can
legitimately
show even
more self-confidence and pride in
itself than it, in point of fact, does."
Unconditional reaccreditation
means that the Commission on
Higher Education found no areas
at Marist that
require
a follow-up
visit or report. CoUege President
Dennis
J.
Murray said that is a
significant achievement.
"This
is a
credit to the entire Marist College
community, and we should all take
pride in this accomplishment,•
Murray said.
The site visit team, headed by
Msgr. David A. Rubino, president
of Gannon
University,
Erie, PA,
found that whi.le Maris:t is achiev-
ing
remarkable
success in its insti-
tutional
life,
there are sometimes
"different
under-
progress made in diversifying
the
student body and faculty. Marist's
recruitment and admissions efforts
also received high marks from the
team. TI1e report stated:
"The
re-
cruitment and admissions effort at
Marist are exceUent. The program
has beaten the demography. This
success is the direct
standings of pur-
pose ... It seems to
the Team that these
occasional
colli-
sions are the direct
result of the re-
markable growth
and development
of Marist over the
past IO years."
"Over and over,
the
team noted
result of a well-man-
aged program by a
committed
and
competent staff."
Among
col-
leges and universi-
t.be
commitment of
the College to the
art of teaching
so well practiced
by
the
faculty."
The report ap-
pla uded
the
College's academic
programs.
The
team found a highly
collegial
atmo-
sphere at Marist
ties represented on the evaluation
team were Bucknell
!University,
Carnegie-Mellon Unive1rsity,
Drew
University,
Franklin and MarshaU
College, the
University
of Penn-
sylvania, and the
Uniiversity
of
Scranton.
The team praised the College's
policy
on issues of equity and di-
versity and acknowledged
the
among
faculty
within the various divisions. The
report found,
"The
academic pro-
grams are blessed by the greatest
strength
at Marist-excellent
teaching. Over and over, the team
noted the commitment of
the
Col-
lege to the art of teaching so well
practiced by the faculty."
TI1e Middle States report also
noted the sophisticated techno-
■
The Mccann Baseball Field
Marist's field of dre:ams
M
arist's new Divi-
sion I baseball
team has one of
the finest playing fields in the North-
east. The Mccann Baseball Field,
located
on the south end of cam-
pus, has an
infield
o,f sod grass and
beam clay, which i:s used in many
professional ballpa.rks. TI1e field
was designed and built with a
major
grant from the James
J.
Mccann
Foundation. Long-time Trustee
John]. Gartland.Jr., who has main-
tained
a
strong interest
in
the
de-
velopment of the Marist campus,
was instrumental
iln
the creation
of
the
field.
I
President Dennis JI. Murray
(left)
with John J. Gartland, Jr., Presi-
dent of the JamEis J. Mccann
Foundation, at
·the
baseball
logical resources at Marist and the
high degree to which they are
incorporated into the College's
academic, administrative and ex-
ternal programs.
The
team
applauded
the
Library's
"excellent
leadership and
dedicated staff.· The report ob-
served the need for an enhanced
location fortl1e Library but stressed
that student and faculty needs are
being met.
"With
the avai.lability
of sophisticated information tech-
nology, marked improvements in
materials budgets and an effective
bibliographicinstrnction program,
the Library basks in an in1proved
and enhanced image."
President Murray said the
re-
port confirmed some of the points
the CoUege identified earlier
in
its
Self Study, which was an analysis
by the College community of the
institution's educational effective-
ness and capability.
"Overall,
I found this report to
be
a
very positive statement about
our College. The team recognized
that Marist has accomplished a
great deal in the past IO years,"
Murray said.
I
field dedication c,eremony.
Marist batter gets a hit against Iona College.
MARIST
MAGAZINE
37



































































"It
is
important
to find a
way of developing a praxis of
educational consequence that
opens
tbe
spaces necessmy /01'
the remaking
of
a democratic
community."
-Maxine
Greene in
Tbe Dialectic of Freedom
T
1e public world
is
con-
stituted by multiple re-
alities, often uncon-
nected and seemingly
with
little
in common. Eight-year-
38
old Jarrell has been in
13
different
foster
homes,
and desperately
wants
to
be
with his
mother.
His
mother
isan
addict, sick with AIDS.
In
another part of the same
town,
I
0-year-old Brian is a Nintendo ex-
pert whose parents add biweekly
to his college account.
Jarrell
'sand
Brian's lives are on very different
courses and project considerably
different life chances. Their re-
spective worlds rarely
intersect
and yet are parallel realities within
shared public space.
In
a
larger
way,
the
world of a
college campus and the nearest
inner city are separate
realities.
Each
has
little contact with or
knowledge of the other, and this
at a time when across the country
cities are in a profound and un-
precedented crisis. Evicted elderly,
released psychiatric patients, tu-
bercular homeless,
the addicted,
and the abandoned huddle under
bridges,
in
basements, troubled in
mind
and body, distraught. The
social systerr,
is
breaking apart as it
tries to
cope with the countless
uncherished
children of our cit-
ies-as
it
attempts
to
intervene in
the lives of an overwhelming
num-
ber of young Jarrells.
Despair
and
rage of
urban
youth rise from the
entrails of
urban
poverty.
"The
Great
Urban
Crisis," writes
Edmund G.
Brown
in a
New York
Times Op-Ed piece (Nov. 8,
1992),
"is
just as much a threat to our
society as the Great Depression.
Our second-largest city would
not
have
exploded in burning and in-
surrection if something was not
profoundly
wrong.
In
community
after
community the intolerable
conditions are worsening."
This
reality
ofi.nlmensc suffer-
ing requires,
in the name of
hu-
manity,
a response as profound
and
unprecedented
as is the crisis.
Although the response needs
to
BY MAR
PETER-RAOUL
7
,OMMENTARY
l'fflffll'l~llll
..
~1t~\~"fl\'l~:'!IJ~l'!~\'C~\'!~~~l'll-
~-~~~:\l~~~~-~~"'llffl'fflmn'lni
groups, and ultimately,
all
nations.
.--~>
1\-·,'<',~~\',.~'t~"'
,::
The community transcended eco-
~-f:·
t~~,~"''~'$':,••.
,,
· ...
:-~'
,,,,,:-;_
....
·
I
nomic, social, political, and cul-
·.·
.<,~:·.::'.:
__
:_;_:_:
..
~.J.~t·
!,
'\;:;:>•'•·.•;
::
..
·.'.,·:.
'
~;f
~:~;~~f
i;?~
.
,
(
from the periphery of academic
ti\1
?:
/1
~~~~:~::~
t~~1
1
:r~:~t;~r~~
---..:
_
affluence) continues its own way,
a parallel course with
little
con-
nection to the
harsh reality
out-
side the borders of its academic
interests.
There are exceptions.
Yale
University's
Law School
requires
students to take a two-
semester course in which they
employ legal cha1mels to procure
,11::
11
low-cost
housing.
:::::
:i
C
II
U
.
'
h
1
:/:i!
:)
orne
111versity
s
ote
:,:,,
111
school requires students to put
,,,:,
,,,
"I
1 ·
d
k
:
;
::
; :::
1ote m ustry expertise to wor
,
,::,:
111
on the problem of homelessness."
:::i:
;::
1111
:,,
TI1e coordinator of the program
says the students
·come
from privi-
leged backgrounds. They don't
know reality, and
they're
shocked
when they go into a shelter."
Praxis and
the
Public
~Good
In
Rutgers University's Civic
Education and
Community
Service
Program, a recent
"Advanced
Ex-
position" class taught writing skills
to a longshoreman,
recovering
addicts, and a convicted murderer
while at the same time reading
John Dewey's
Democl'acy and
Education.
Stanford
University
has
opened a Public Service Center
that helps studentS and faculty to
integrate
into their
course strnc-
tures work with immigrants, refu-
gees, Native Americans, and other
people on the margins of shared
social space.
When these connections are
made between the academic world
and
the
world of people on the
margins, students
Jeam
something
that isn't teamed
through theory
alone. They learn that the
"poor"
have more in common with their
come from all sectors-business,
government,
religious-a
re-
sponse by those conc:emed with
education is crncial for reasons
moral, civic, and academic.
We
in
academe do, not have
to
surrender
to
parall,el realities
within a common world. We must
bring
into a portion of our curricu-
lum a
transforrnative
pri:1.,"(iS.
With
a view to the public
good,praxis
involves active participation at
public sites and critical reflection
on this action. It is an on-going
interplay between acrive
involve-
ment and
reflective
analysis-with
each informing the other. It
is
"con-
nected
learning."
Already,
intem-
ships and student
volunteer
activi-
ties connect college reality to so-
cial
need.
Yet, these
threads of connection are
only a few threads in
the
weaving of what could
be,
in
the weaving of that
great possibility-the
"beloved
community," ar-
ticulated by Martin Luther
King, Jr. King's vision,
more biblical and histori-
cal than the rational construct
popularized
earlier by
Josiah
Royce,
"included
all races, all
classes, all
religions,
all ethnic
own humanity
than
they
imagined. At the same
time, they find in some
of the toughest places
glorious people already
there caring, working,
and transforming some
of that reality.
I
Mar Peter-Raoul ts an
assistant professol' of religious
studies at Marist. She is .fi1'st edi-
tor of Yearning to Breathe Free:
Liberation Theologies in the
U.S.
MARIST MAGAZINE

































11
.
INTERNATIONAL
con-
Xt of advanced indus-
al countries has under-
gone a critical change
since World War 11, resulting in
changes of sinlilar magnitude in
the U.S. economy.
The post war expansion,
stretching from the mid- I 940s
through the late
I
960s, was the
most prosperous period for the
United States. The
U.S.
enjoyed
technological leadership and rela-
tively steady and rapid expansion
of growth and productivity. By
the
1970s, however, several of the
favorable fean1res of the U.S. posi-
tion began to change, due largely
to the end of the dollar's convert-
ibility to gold, oil price shocks,
and the developing challenge from
European and Japanese competi-
tors.
Afterthe 1970s stagflation, the
1980s boom was unsustainable,
fueled as it was by financial specu-
lation, debt, and government de-
fense expenditures.
The
U.S.
economy was characterized by
increasing inequality between the
rich and the poor and the decline
of the average real wage. The
U.S.
share of manufacrured exports
from advanced countries slipped
to 15 percent in 1988, behind Ja-
pan (17 percent) and Germany
(19 percent). Although
the
dollar
has declined in value by 50 per-
cent since 1985 to new Postwar
lows recently-thus
driving the
cost of imports up in the
United
States-
the trade deficit has act1.r
ally worsened since 1991 by $20
billion. In fact, the bilateral deficit
withJapan degenerated by 20 per-
cent between 1979 and 1988, by
26 percent relative to Germany,
and by 15 percent relative
tO
the
Newly Industrializing Countries
(NIC).
The global economy is already
shifting rapidly in this decade. The
Japanese economic powerhouse
appears to
be
weakening, partly
from stock market and
real
estate
deflation, partly from political up-
heaval. There is
less
foreign direct
investment from Japan as a result,
reducing the fear of
"the
buying of
America" as well as cutting the
number of new jobs which ac-
company
the construction
of
"transplant"
manufacruring facili-
ties by Japanese companies oper-
ating in the
U.S.
The NIC on the
Pacific
Rim
and Latin America are
BY ANN
DAVIS
MARIST
MAGAZINE
rOMMENTARY
Co1mpeting
in
tl1e
Global
Economy
How the
U.S. stacks up against
its
international
competition
increasingly competitive with the
major industrial countries in tech-
nological capability combined
with
low
wage workers.
The European Ecornomic Com-
munity (EEC), recently seemingly
assured of the formation of a single
market with one currency, is ex-
periencing stra.ins associated with
the re-unification of Germany. l11e
fixed exchange rate sys1tem among
major European currencies oper-
ating since I 979, referr,ed
tO
as the
European Monetary System, has
unexpectedly broken down un-
der the strains of drasti,cally differ-
ent economic policies and struc-
n1ral changes in each country.
The General Agre:ement on
Tariffs and Trade (GA
TT),
a post-
war group charged wi1th expand-
ing free trade among; capitalist
countries, has been attempting to
complete a
"round"
of tariff reduc-
tions since 1986. The negotiations,
which are concerned with remov-
ing agricultural subsidies, facilitat-
ing trade in services, and protect-
ing intellectual property rigl1ts, are
still proceeding slowly now under
the Clinton administration. Re-
gional trading blocs are prolifer,1t-
ing partly as a
result
of the lack of
progress of the generallized open
free trade system represented by
-''77:!"o/~,..,r~----
~
',. ,,.
··(:,:.
-~.
i
. ··.
~§
~
6
GAIT. TI1ere are now 23
such
arrangements-including
the
North
American Free Trade Agree-
ment (NAFTA) with the
U.S.
and
Canada-involving
I 19 countries
and representing 82 percent of
world trade.
Foreign trade flows in curren-
cies and assets have increased in
volume, fed by technological
im-
provements in communications,
the closing gap in economic power
among the major industrial coun-
tries, and financial innovation.
With volumes of private secror
exchange that swamp the influ-
ence of central banks, exchange
rates are all the more volatile.
Technological
competition
has intensified among even the
largest corporations in the world.
Giants such as IBM have
changed strategies in this
new international con-
text. At first serving as a
leading
innovator of do-
mestic industrial policy
within its industry, IBM
helped gamer support
for the formation
of
Sematech-a
U.S. con-
sortium with government and pri-
vate support-by
lobbying other
ftm1s, officials, and legislators on
Capital Hill. IBM also lent its
strength by
investing
in other fim1s
that supplied imporrnnt compo-
nents for its products.
Recently, however, the focus
of IBM's collabor-,1tive effortS
has
changed. Rather than seeing the
strength of the domestic industry
as essential to
its
own success,
IBM has now launched a strategy
of alliances with the major global
competitors. Among these alli-
ances are such U.S. firms as
Motorola and Apple, and European
and Japanese competitors such as
Siemens and Toshiba.
The collaborative research ef-
fort by IBM, Toshiba, and Siemens
to develop the 256-megabit semi-
conductor chip, to be
located
at
IBM's research
lab
at East Fishkill,
ew York,
is
an example of the
new global economy at work.
TI1ree multinational firms are col-
laborating in a
research
project
costing in excess of
$
I
billion.
Due to
IBM's
research preemi•
nence, the facility
is
being
located
intheU.S.TheU.S.,andtheHudson
Valley as well, benefit from the
employment of research scientists
and new manufacturing
tech-
niques used in this experimental
development.
The location of
such
globally
strategic research in the
Hudson
Valley illustrates a
key
point of
many economic commentators.
Economists such as John Cohen
and Stephen Zysman, Laura Tyson,
and Robert Reich, among others,
have argued that
"manufacn1ring
matters" to the fun,re competi-
tiveness of the
U.S.
Services, although important
to the economy, ultimately rely on
a healthy manufacturing secror as
its customer. To continue to at-
tract manufacruring to the
U.S.
in
an era of intensified international
competition from advanced as well
as
low
wage countries, education,
technology, and infrastructure are
essential.
TI1ese
are strengths of
the Hudson Valley but must be
protected and further
developed
to
assure
growth of the region.
I
Ann Davis, assistant
professor of economics,
isdirectoroftheMarist
College Bureau of Eco-
nomicResearch. Herre-
gional and state eco-
nomic forecasts are often quoted
in newspapers
such as the
Pougllkeepsie Journal
and
The
New York Times.
39






















40
47TH
OMME
CEMENT
■
Actor James Earl Jones delivers addmss
Graduates
told to treasure
Marist values
I
n a dramatic blending
of
Shakespearian
oratory
and
meaningful
advice
born
of
experience,
one
of the
world's most
acclaimed ac-
tors, James
Earl
Jones,
told the
Class of
l
993 to value the prin-
ciples
to
which they had
been
exposed at
Marist.
Approximately
7,000
gradu-
ates, relatives
and friends heard
Jones
deliver the
keynote
address
at
Marist's
47th commencement.
The
College conferred honor-
ary
degrees
on
Jones
and on two
other
distinguished individuals,
Gene
E.
Llkens, discoverer
of acid
rain
in
North
America,
and Orin
Lehman, New
York
State's Com-
missionerof
Parks, Recreation
and
Historic Preservation.
Jones
received
an honorary
degree
of
Doctor
of Fine Arts,
Llk-
ens received an
honorary
degree
of Doctor of Science, and Lehman
received
an
honorary
degree of
Doctor of
Humane
Letters.
Jones
told
the
898 graduates
to
be prepared
tO
play
several
roles
during their
lifetimes.
Borrowing
from
William
Shakespeare's
"As
You Llke
It"
to
illustrate
his point,
Jones'
distinguished voice, which
has
delighted audiences world-
wide,
trumpeted across
Leonidoff
Field.
"All
the
world's a stage and
all
the men
and women merely
players.
111ey have
their exits and
entrances. And one· man
in
his
time plays many
parts."
Jones advised
tlhe
graduates
that
although
Ma.fist
has
given
them
an excellent start in the pursuit of
knowledge,
they were
responsible
for determining their
ultimate
ambitions.
"Treasure
the ideas, the
thoughts, the values which have
been demonstf'Jted ~or you
here
at
Marist College. Tak,e these with
you into the fun1re:· Jones said.
Exploring Shakespeare fur-
ther, he
drew
from
"Hamlet"
to
remind
the graduates about the
importance
of
being: tn1e
to their
own
ideals
and aspi:rations:
"This
above all: To thi:ne own self be
true,
and
it
must
follow,
as the
night the day,
that d1ou canst not
then
be false to any
man
..
."
Jones, who has
received
nu-
merous
awards for
his
stage, tele-
vision and movie p,erformances,
started in the profession
40
years
ago, after his graduation from the
University of Michigan.
It
wasn't
long
before he began appearing i:n
leading roles
with
d1e
New York
Shakespeare Festival in
plays
such
as
King Lear, The Merchant of
Venice and
Hamlet.
In Howard
Sackler's Pulitzer Prize-winning
play,
The Great Whil'e
Hope,Jones
attracted worldwide
recognition
and won a Tony Awa1rd
in
I
969 for
his portrayal of
Jack
Johnson, the
James Earl Jones
Gene E. Likens
Orin Lehman
first black
heavyweight
champion.
In
197
I
,
he
received an Oscar
nomination for the filn1 version of
the
play.
Ukens, who has faculty
posi-
tions
at Yale, Rutgers and Cornell
universities,
developed
the
Hubbard
Brook
Ecosystem Study.
It
was the first comprehensive at-
tempt
to
conduct controlled acid
rain experiments i:nvolving whole
ecosystems over long periods of
time.
Now
in its
30th year, the study
is recognized for bringing world-
wide attention to the global
na-
ture of environmental problems.
It also
revealed
functional i:nfor-
mation
on the
impact
forest clear-
ing,
fertilizer
rnnoff
and air pollu-
tion have on
the
environment.
Lehman, commissioner of
New
York
State Department of
Parks,
Recreation
and Historic
Preservation since
1975, has
guided
the
growth of tl1e state's
parks system by
18,000
acres.
He
has promoted opportunities for
disabled
people
and was chair-
man of
the
Governor's Commit·
tee on
"Employ
the
Handicapped,"
and was on the President's Com-
mittee on
the
Employment of
the
Handicapped.
A Marist trnstee from 1964 to
1972, Lehman was a recipient of
the Marist College President's
Award.
I
MARIST MAGAZINE


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